[Applyed aspects of molecular biology of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus].

The data obtained in the molecular genetic studies of the representatives of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are given. At present the genomes of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum sized 2,256.640, 1,993.

DPP10 is an inactivation modulatory protein of Kv4.3 and Kv1.4.

Voltage-gated K(+) channels exist in vivo as multiprotein complexes made up of pore-forming and ancillary subunits. To further our understanding of the role of a dipeptidyl peptidase-related ancillary subunit, DPP10, we expressed it with Kv4.3 and Kv1.

Nucleolin is a histone chaperone with FACT-like activity and assists remodeling of nucleosomes.

Remodeling machines play an essential role in the control of gene expression, but how their activity is regulated is not known. Here we report that the nuclear protein nucleolin possesses a histone chaperone activity and that this factor greatly enhances the activity of the chromatin remodeling machineries SWI/SNF and ACF. Interestingly, nucleolin is able to induce the remodeling by SWI/SNF of macroH2A, but not of H2ABbd nucleosomes, which are otherwise resistant to remodeling.

[Influence of plasmid pR50 controlling bacterial protease activity on Salmonella experimental infection].

The comparative analysis of the infectious process and immunological parameters in (CBA x C57BL/6)F1 mice infected with S. typhimurium isogenic strains differing by the presence of plasmid pR50 determining protease activity, was carried out. A growth in the expression level of antilactoferrin, anticomplementary and anti-immunoglobulin activity in bacteria isolated from the spleen in the course of the infectious process was detected.

[The bacterial QS-systems and prospects of creation of new metabolic probiotic preparations].

Biological functions of exometabolits of various bacterial species were analyzed from Quorum Sensing position, which showed that the functional activity of microbiocenosis is in many respects determined by the system of metabolic regulation. Possibility of changing the composition of complex microbial communities with low-molecular compounds, products of bacterial cell vital activity, is grounded from theoretical point of view. The authors adduce data on the effects of a synthetic composition on the basis of E.

[Molecular-and-genetic and molecular-and-biological studies of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus representatives].

The article contains the results of molecular-and-genetic studies of representatives of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Presently, the genomes of B. longum and L.

[Cytokine-stimulating activity of lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria and its role in antitumor immunity].

The review deals with the discussion of different mechanisms of the antitumor action of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), including the induction of endogenous cell mediators, the development of inflammatory and immune response and systemic metabolic changes. The complex action of these factors on the levels of cells, tissues, organs and the whole body led, in some cases, to the suppression or hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor. These cases were regarded as analogous to the development of the septic syndrome when a cascade of reactions leading to the resorption of tumors was initiated and to chronic inflammation resulting, on the contrary, in the formation of pretumor status.

Mechanism of polymerase II transcription repression by the histone variant macroH2A.

macroH2A (mH2A) is an unusual histone variant consisting of a histone H2A-like domain fused to a large nonhistone region. In this work, we show that histone mH2A represses p300- and Gal4-VP16-dependent polymerase II transcription, and we have dissected the mechanism by which this repression is realized. The repressive effect of mH2A is observed at the level of initiation but not at elongation of transcription, and mH2A interferes with p300-dependent histone acetylation.

[Dysbiotic conditions and their management].

The authors present data concerning the role of normal intestinal microflora as a non-specific resistance factor. They systematize the notion of intestinal dysbacteriosis as a clinicolaboratory syndrome, observed in patients with various gastrointestinal pathology, adduce the characteristics of the preparations of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, and discuss the mechanisms of their action, as well as their efficacy in the management and prevention of microecological disturbances of the intestinal tract. It is recommended that probiotic preparations are administered according to the principle of microecological adequacy, taking into account the condition of the microflora, as well as the phase, stage, and character of the underlying disease.

[Concept of a probiotic preparation, containing original microbial metabolites].

The biological functions of Escherichia coli M-17 exometabolites, contained in the synthetic composition of the autostimulating preparation "Actoflor-C", were evaluated. As shown by in vitro experiments, the composition had higher stimulating activity with respectto some microorganisms of the normal microflora, in comparison with the prototype preparation "Actoflor". High doses of the preparation "Actoflor-C" were supposedly capable of having not only positive influence on the development of microbiocenosis, but also of producing therapeutic action and primarily on intestinal epithelial cells by compensating the insufficient supply of bacterial metabolites in dysbiotic states.

[Isolation rate of enterotoxigenic staphylococci in patients with sepsis, pneumonia and burns].

The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus strains producing enterotoxins of types SEA and SEB, which isolated from patients of different profile and caused the infectious process accompanied by pronounced intoxication without vomiting and enteric disturbances, was determined by means of the indirect hemagglutination test. The collection included 28 strains isolated in sepsis, 38 strains isolated in pneumonia, 57 strains isolated from patients with burns and 23, from the hands and nasopharynx of the medical staff. Among the staphylococcal strains isolated in sepsis, 75.

Time- and voltage-dependent components of Kv4.3 inactivation.

Kv4.3 inactivation is a complex multiexponential process, which can occur from both closed and open states. The fast component of inactivation is modulated by the N-terminus, but the mechanisms mediating the other components of inactivation are controversial.

[Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus inducing influenza pneumonia in humans].

The human disease caused by avian influenza virus in South Asia is a typical example of emerging infection resulting from transmission of a known causative agent to a new host. The first cases with a comparatively high level of lethality rates among patients were registered in 1997 and 1999. The situation is a special phenomenon in epidemiology which requires deep evolutionary and ecological analysis, as well as theoretical interpretation.

[Analysis of protein concentration in the urine of children with metabolic nephropathy, crystal-calcium crystalluria].

We compared the efficacy of a routine sulphosalycilic acid method and a new technique of pirogallolic red staining for urine protein assay in children with metabolic nephropathy, crystal-calcium crystaluria. The former method was found ineffective in proteinuria diagnosis in children with metabolic nephropathy. The pirogallolic method appeared more effective as it detects microproteinuria and therefore allows accurate diagnosis, control of its treatment and finally to improve the results of therapeutic and prophylactic measures.

Solution 1H NMR study of the accommodation of the side chain of n-butyl-etiohemin-I incorporated into the active site of cyano-metmyoglobin.

In order to identify the most readily deformable portion of the heme pocket in myoglobin, equine myoglobin was reconstituted with a meso-n-butyl substituent on centrosymmetric etiohemin-I. Solution 1H NMR data for the low-spin iron(III) cyanide complex of oxidized myoglobin that include 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy contacts, paramagnetic relaxation, and dipolar shifts resulting from magnetic anisotropy show that the heme binds uniquely to the iron in a manner that arranges the methyl and ethyl substituents on a given pyrrole in a clockwise manner when viewed from the proximal side, and with the n-butyl group seated at the canonical alpha-meso position of native protohemin-IX. The butyl group is oriented sharply toward the proximal side and its protein contacts demonstrate that it is oriented largely into the "xenon hole" in myoglobin.

[Immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis in Ukraine with the use of inactivated vaccine].

In connection with the cessation of the circulation of "wild" poliovirus on the territory of the European region, including Ukraine, the strategy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of poliomyelitis is reviewed. Its main aims are the creation of a high level of the specific protection of the population, the prophylaxis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and a decrease in the intensity of the circulation vaccine polioviruses. These aims may be achieved only by the inclusion of vaccinations with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) into the immunization schedule.

Heteropoda toxin 2 is a gating modifier toxin specific for voltage-gated K+ channels of the Kv4 family.

Kv4 voltage-gated K(+) channels are responsible for transient K(+) currents in the central nervous system and in the heart. HpTx2 is a peptide toxin that selectively inhibits these currents; making it a useful probe for understanding Kv4 channel structure and drug binding. Therefore, we developed a method to produce large amounts of recombinant HpTx2.

[The role of cytokines in the immunoreactivity modulation with bacteria of the Lactobacillus genus].

Mechanisms of the immunomodulating and anticancerogenic action of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus are updated on the basis of recent publications andown research. The impact of lactobacteria on the production of cytokines by the host as one of the most important factors mediating the modulating properties of these microorganisms is considered. Information on the capacity of lactobacteria to exhibit stimulating and suppressing effects on the immune system, to maintain the development and support oral tolerance and to ensure antitumor action is presented.

[Occurrence of Helicobacter pylori specific antigens in diseases of gastrointestinal tract].

The results of the immunophoretic analysis of H. pylori antigenic structure are presented. Along with H.

[Modulation of immune system cells by lactobacilli].

The influence of lactobacilli on the proliferative potential of immune system cells after the intragastral administration of viable microbial cells and their native filtrates to mice CBA is evaluated. The data have been obtained on the modulating influence of lactobacilli on the formation of T- and B-cell immune response--their role in maintaining homeostatsis and specific features of cell mediated immune reactions after the intragastral administration of virulent Shigella dysenteriae for modeling experimental infection in CBA mice. The mechanisms of the immunomodulating action of lactobacilli on local and systemic reactions of the host as well as realization of the protective properties of lactobacilli against the causative agents of acute enteric infections are discussed.

Bifurcation of synchronous oscillations into torus in a system of two reciprocally inhibitory silicon neurons: experimental observation and modeling.

Oscillatory activity in the central nervous system is associated with various functions, like motor control, memory formation, binding, and attention. Quasiperiodic oscillations are rarely discussed in the neurophysiological literature yet they may play a role in the nervous system both during normal function and disease. Here we use a physical system and a model to explore scenarios for how quasiperiodic oscillations might arise in neuronal networks.

[Immunostimulating and anti-carcinogenic activity of the normal intestinal lactoflora].

One of major functions of lactic acid bacteria is their participation in the formation of local and systemic immune resistance of the host. The lactic acid bacteria associated with the mucous coat of the gastro-intestinal tract are cooperating with epitheliocytes, M-cells of Peyer's patches and various cells of the immune system. As a result of processing and presentation of specific cell components, lactic acid bacteria use mechanisms of modulation of cell-dependent immune response, activate RES and stimulate cytokine production.