Does a therapeutical dose of ivermectin impairs testicular homeostasis of rats via excessive apoptosis?

Ivermectin is a medication used to treat parasite infestations in humans and in veterinary medicine. Previously we showed that therapeutical doses of ivermectin impaired spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in adult rats. The present study was proposed to understand the pathophysiological mechanism that triggered these impairments induced by ivermectin.

Effects of glyphosate herbicide ingestion on kidney function in rats on a balanced diet.

Introduction: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and in Brazil. There is currently increasing concern about the effects of glyphosate on human health. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection showed data on the presence of glyphosate in some of Brazil's most consumed ultra-processed products.

The Nephroprotective Effects of the Allogeneic Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Were Potentiated by ω3 Stimulating Up-Regulation of the PPAR-γ.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow are a promising tool for regenerative medicine, including kidney diseases. A step forward in MSCs studies is cellular conditioning through specific minerals and vitamins. The Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3) are essential in regulating MSCs self-renewal, cell cycle, and survival.

MicroRNA biogenesis machinery activation and lncRNA and REST overexpression as neuroprotective responses to fight inflammation in the hippocampus.

Brain Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in the regulation of several important biological processes, including neuronal activity, cognitive processes, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. In this context, the transcriptional repressor, RE1 silencing transcription factor (Rest), acts regulating the expression of neuronal genes as well as of lncRNAs and multiple miRNAs in the central nervous system. Nevertheless, its role in neuroinflammation was less explored.

Propentofylline Improves Thiol-Based Antioxidant Defenses and Limits Lipid Peroxidation following Gliotoxic Injury in the Rat Brainstem.

Propentofylline (PROP) is a methylated xanthine compound that diminishes the activation of microglial cells and astrocytes, which are neuronal cells strongly associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on previously observed remyelination and neuroprotective effects, PROP has also been proposed to increment antioxidant defenses and to prevent oxidative damage in neural tissues. Since most neurodegenerative processes have free radicals as molecular pathological agents, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of 12.

Progressive tremor and motor impairment in seizure-prone mutant tremor mice are associated with neurotransmitter dysfunction.

Background: The tremor mutant mice present motor impairments comprised of whole-body tremors, ataxia, decreased exploratory behavior, and audiogenic seizures.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the development of motor dysfunction in this mutant mouse and the relationships with cortical, striatal, and cerebellar levels of GABA, glutamate, glycine, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NOR), and its metabolites. The serum cytokines levels, myelin content, and the astrocytic expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) investigated the possible influence of inflammation in motor dysfunction.

Bate palmas mutant mice as a model of Kabuki syndrome: Higher susceptibility to infections and vocalization impairments?

The recessive mutant mouse bate palmas (bapa) arose from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Previous studies of our group revealed some behavioral impairments and a mutation in the lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D (Kmt2d) gene. Because mutations in the KMT2D gene in humans are mainly responsible for Kabuki syndrome, this study was proposed to validate bapa mice as a model of Kabuki syndrome.

Behavioral and morphological effects of resveratrol and curcumin in rats submitted to doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies capable of returning cancer survivors back to their previous quality of life. The present study investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) or curcumin (CUR) administration could affect mnemonic function and brain morphological changes following DOX administration in rats.

Short-term systemic methotrexate administration in rats induces astrogliosis and microgliosis.

Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate drug, is widely used in chemotherapeutic protocols for metastatic and primary brain tumors and some autoimmune diseases. Its efficacy for brain tumors is limited by the high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) complications. This investigation aimed to observe the morphological effects, including astroglial and microglial responses, following systemic short-term MTX administration in adult rats.

Luffa operculata at a late period of gestation dysregulates melatonin and cytokines interfering with weight of dams and their male offspring.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The tea made with the fruits of Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae; EBN) is popularly used as abortive.

Vertical exposition to Luffa operculata extract deregulates behavior and hypothalamus neurotransmitters in juvenile rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae) is a traditional plant popularly used in the abortion induction, against sinusitis and is toxic.

Aim Of The Study: To verify the influence of the aqueous extract obtained from the dry fruit of L.

Zinc, but not paracetamol, prevents depressive-like behavior and sickness behavior, and inhibits interferon-gamma and astrogliosis in rats.

Considering all mental and addictive disorders, depression is the most responsible for years of life lost due to premature mortality and disability. Antidepressant drugs have limited effectiveness. Depression can be triggered by immune/inflammatory factors.

Prenatal LPS induces sickness behaviour and decreases maternal and predatory behaviours after an LPS challenge.

The influence of a challenge dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the behavioural selection between maternal (MB) and predatory behaviours (PB) of female rats prenatally treated with the same endotoxin or saline solution (F1 generation) were studied. Thus, in adult age, these female rats were mated and, at lactation days 5 or 6, the following groups were formed: (1) LPS + LPS group-female rats prenatally treated with LPS and received an LPS challenge dose; (2) S + LPS group-female rats prenatally treated with saline solution and received a challenge LPS dose (3) S + S group-females rats prenatally treated with saline which received a saline injection. MB, PB to cockroaches, exploratory behaviour, periaqueductal grey (PAG) expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and corticosterone and TNF-alpha serum levels were evaluated.

Dioclea violacea lectin modulates the gentamicin activity against multi-resistant strains and induces nefroprotection during antibiotic exposure.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat infections of various origins. In the last few decades, the constant use of gentamicin has resulted in increased bacterial resistance and nephrotoxicity in some cases. In this study, we examined the ability of Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) in modulate the antimicrobial activity of gentamicin and reduce the nephrotoxicity induced by this drug.

Memory impairments and increased GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes following hypercaloric diet in rats.

Objective: Hypothalamic inflammation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) overexpression in astrocytes are well described in obese animals, as are some cognitive and memory deficits. As the hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information, this investigation aimed to observe the memory function and the astrocyte expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of rats that received either a hypercaloric or a normocaloric diet.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received a high-fat (cafeteria) or a standard diet for 60 days.

Chemobrain in rats: Behavioral, morphological, oxidative and inflammatory effects of doxorubicin administration.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). The present study investigated whether DOX administration could affect behavior and brain morphology, as well as oxidative and inflammatory status in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with DOX (2.

Reduced astrocytic expression of GFAP in the offspring of female rats that received hypercaloric diet.

Obesity promotes hypothalamic inflammation and local morphological changes in astrocytes, including the increased expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is seen as a sign of neuroinflammation. This study aimed to observe the astrocytic expression of GFAP in different brain areas from female rats that received a hypercaloric (HD) or a normocaloric (ND) diet during puberty (F0 generation) as well as in their male pups (F1 generation). Female rats received highly palatable HD (Ensure®) or ND from postnatal day (PND) 23-65.

Induction of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase After Status Epilepticus Modifies Hippocampal Gene Expression in Male Mice.

Status epilepticus (SE) is an abnormally prolonged seizure that results from either a failure of mechanisms that terminate seizures or from initiating mechanisms that inherently lead to prolonged seizures. Here we report that mice experiencing a 3 hours of SE caused by pilocarpine exhibit a rapid increase in expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase gene (Dio2) and a decrease in the expression of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase gene in hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase in hippocampal sections was seen concentrated in the neuronal nuclei, typical of ischemic injury of the brain.

Billings reservoir water used for human consumption presents microbiological contaminants and induces both behavior impairments and astrogliosis in zebrafish.

The Billings reservoir is the largest water-storage facility in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, with only a small part of the reservoir used for water supply. Recently, the São Paulo Metropolitan Region has experienced the greatest water collapse ever recorded. Thus, the intensification of use of the Billings reservoir should be considered.

Propentofylline decreases hypothalamic astrogliosis induced by hypercaloric diet in the rat.

Obesity is associated with a chronic and low-grade inflammatory response in the hypothalamus, where astrogliosis occurs with the upregulation of the astrocyte structural protein GFAP. As propentofylline (PPF) has inhibitory effects on astrocyte and microglial activation during inflammation, this study aimed to investigate if this xanthine derivative could decrease the astrocyte reaction induced by a hypercaloric diet (HD). Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: NDS - rats receiving a normocaloric diet (ND) and daily saline solution; NDP - rats receiving ND and daily PPF (12.

Ivermectin acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats.

Ivermectin (IVM) is an antiparasitic agent widely used in agricultural, domestic animals and in human clinical practice. In the present study, the temporal effects of therapeutic doses of IVM in the morphometric and histological assessment of testis were studied to verify if IVM acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats, if these effects are reversible. The testosterone levels and the plasmatic IVM levels were assessed.

Curcumin decreases astrocytic reaction after gliotoxic injury in the rat brainstem.

Recent studies have demonstrated that curcumin (Cur) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Ethidium bromide (EB) injections into the central nervous system (CNS) are known to induce local oligodendroglial and astrocytic loss, resulting in primary demyelination and neuroinflammation. Peripheral astrogliosis is seen around the injury site with increased immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

Redox status on different regions of the central nervous system of obese and lean rats treated with green tea extract.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate some indicators of redox status, and inflammation on different regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of obese rats treated with green tea (GT). We hypothesized that obesity could affect the redox balance in different brain regions due to the diverse nature of the cells as well as the selective neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress, and GT could triggers benefits effects restoring the redox status.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with GT by gavage (12 weeks/5 days/week; 500 mg/kg of body weight) and obesity was induced by cafeteria diet (8 weeks).

Food deprivation in F0 generation and hypercaloric diet in F1 generation reduce F2 generation astrogliosis in several brain areas after immune challenge.

Aims: The effects of maternal food restriction during gestation in F0 generation followed by hypercaloric diet (HD) during puberty in F1 generation (F1HD) were investigated on astrocyte behavior of F2 generation. Also, the astrocyte behavior, after an immune challenge, was examined by the immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in several brain areas.

Methods: The body weight gain (BW) during development and in postnatal day (PND) 90-95, the retroperitoneal fat weight (RPF), and the size of larger and smaller adipocytes in the F1 generation were assessed to observe the effects of HD in female rats.

Depressive behavior induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress increases dentin hypersensitivity in rats.

Objective: The present study evaluated the nociceptive response induced by dentin hypersensitivity after dental erosion in rats that were exhibited to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced depressive-like behavior.

Design: Adult male rats were subjected to UCMS (depression [D] group) or not (no depression [ND] group) for 30days and received either acidic solution to induce dental erosion (E) or water (W), thus forming the WND, END, WD, and ED groups. After the end of treatment, depressive-like parameters (i.