"I just feel so guilty": The role of introjected regulation in linking appearance goals for exercise with women's body image.

Appearance goals for exercise are consistently associated with negative body image, but research has yet to consider the processes that link these two variables. Self-determination theory offers one such process: introjected (guilt-based) regulation of exercise behavior. Study 1 investigated these relationships within a cross-sectional sample of female UK students (n=215, 17-30 years).

A clinical decision support tool to assist with the interpretation of the 12-lead electrocardiogram.

This article reports the design and testing of a novel interactive method, abbreviated to ANALYSE (systemAtic aNALYsiS of Electrocardiography) to assist interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram. 15 participants interpreted a total of 150 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings randomly using a standard and this novel (ANALYSE) reporting format. The overall aggregated mean score attained using the standard format was 53% (range = 38-82%, standard deviation = 12).

The Contagious Spread of Violence Among US Adolescents Through Social Networks.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that violence among US adolescents spreads like a contagious disease through social networks.

Methods: Participants were a nationally representative sample of 90 118 US students aged 12 to 18 years who were involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Violence was assessed by having participants report the number of times in the preceding 12 months they had been involved in a serious physical fight, had hurt someone badly, and had pulled a weapon on someone.

Clinical and pathological features of hair coat abnormalities in curly coated retrievers from UK and Sweden.

Objectives: To gain information on hair loss amongst curly coated retrievers by questionnaire and to define the clinical and pathological features of hair coat abnormalities in affected dogs in the United Kingdom and Sweden.

Materials And Methods: Questionnaires were completed by members of the Curly Coated Retriever Clubs. Fourteen dogs (six in the United Kingdom, eight in Sweden) were clinically examined and skin/hair samples collected for microscopy and histopathology.

Reduced density and altered regulation of rat atrial L-type Ca current in heart failure.

Constitutive regulation by PKA has recently been shown to contribute to L-type Ca current () at the ventricular t-tubule in heart failure. Conversely, reduction in constitutive regulation by PKA has been proposed to underlie the downregulation of atrial in heart failure. The hypothesis that downregulation of atrial in heart failure involves reduced channel phosphorylation was examined.

Monitoring bacterial indicators of water quality in a tidally influenced delta: A Sisyphean pursuit.

The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary (Delta) is the confluence of two major watersheds draining the Western Sierra Nevada mountains into the Central Valley of California, ultimately terminating into San Francisco Bay. We sampled 88 sites once a month for two years (2006-2008) over 87 separate sampling events for a total of 1740 samples. Water samples were analyzed for fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, enterococci and fecal coliforms), and 53 other physiochemical, land use, and environmental characteristics.

Automated detection of atrial fibrillation using R-R intervals and multivariate-based classification.

Automated detection of AF from the electrocardiogram (ECG) still remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated two multivariate-based classification techniques, Random Forests (RF) and k-nearest neighbor (k-nn), for improved automated detection of AF from the ECG. We have compiled a new database from ECG data taken from existing sources.

Exploring the Relationship Between Online Social Network Site Usage and the Impact on Quality of Life for Older and Younger Users: An Interaction Analysis.

Background: Analyzing content generated by users of social network sites has been shown to be beneficial across a number of disciplines. Such analysis has revealed the precise behavior of users that details their distinct patterns of engagement. An issue is evident whereby without direct engagement with end users, the reasoning for anomalies can only be the subject of conjecture.

A computer-human interaction model to improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making during 12-lead electrocardiogram interpretation.

Introduction: The 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) presents a plethora of information and demands extensive knowledge and a high cognitive workload to interpret. Whilst the ECG is an important clinical tool, it is frequently incorrectly interpreted. Even expert clinicians are known to impulsively provide a diagnosis based on their first impression and often miss co-abnormalities.

Epicardial potentials computed from the body surface potential map using inverse electrocardiography and an individualised torso model improve sensitivity for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis.

Introduction: Epicardial potentials (EPs) derived from the body surface potential map (BSPM) improve acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. In this study, we compared EPs derived from the 80-lead BSPM using a standard thoracic volume conductor model (TVCM) with those derived using a patient-specific torso model (PSTM) based on body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Consecutive patients presenting to both the emergency department and pre-hospital coronary care unit between August 2009 and August 2011 with acute ischaemic-type chest pain at rest were enrolled.

Human factors analysis of the CardioQuick Patch®: A novel engineering solution to the problem of electrode misplacement during 12-lead electrocardiogram acquisition.

Introduction: The CardioQuick Patch® (CQP) has been developed to assist operators in accurately positioning precordial electrodes during 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition. This study describes the CQP design and assesses the device in comparison to conventional electrode application.

Methods: Twenty ECG technicians were recruited and a total of 60 ECG acquisitions were performed on the same patient model over four phases: (1) all participants applied single electrodes to the patient; (2) all participants were then re-trained on electrode placement and on how to use the CQP; (3) participants were randomly divided into two groups, the standard group applied single electrodes and the CQP group used the CQP; (4) after a one day interval, the same participants returned to carry out the same procedure on the same patient (measuring intra-practitioner variability).

Computing the spatial QRS-T angle using reduced electrocardiographic lead sets.

The 'spatial QRS-T angle' (SA) is frequently determined using linear lead transformation matrices that require the entire 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). While this approach is adequate when using 12-lead ECG data that is recorded in the resting supine position, it is not optimal in monitoring applications. This is because maintaining a good quality recording of the complete 12-lead ECG in monitoring applications is difficult.

The Cardiac Conduction System: Generation and Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse.

In this article, the authors outline the key components behind the automated generation of the cardiac impulses and the effect these impulses have on cardiac myocytes. Also, a description of the key components of the normal cardiac conduction system is provided, including the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, the His bundle, the bundle branches, and the Purkinje network. Finally, an outline of how each stage of the cardiac conduction system is represented on the electrocardiogram is described, allowing the reader of the electrocardiogram to translate background information about the normal cardiac conduction system to everyday clinical practice.

Monitoring what is real: The effects of modality and action on accuracy and type of reality monitoring error.

Reality monitoring refers to processes involved in distinguishing internally generated information from information presented in the external world, an activity thought to be based, in part, on assessment of activated features such as the amount and type of cognitive operations and perceptual content. Impairment in reality monitoring has been implicated in symptoms of mental illness and associated more widely with the occurrence of anomalous perceptions as well as false memories and beliefs. In the present experiment, the cognitive mechanisms of reality monitoring were probed in healthy individuals using a task that investigated the effects of stimulus modality (auditory vs visual) and the type of action undertaken during encoding (thought vs speech) on subsequent source memory.

Interaction of chlorhexidine with trisEDTA or miconazole in vitro against canine meticillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from two UK regions.

Background: Topical therapy is an important alternative to systemic antibacterial therapy for treatment of canine superficial pyoderma in light of the emergence of multidrug-resistant staphylococci. Chlorhexidine is widely used in shampoo products alone or in combination with miconazole or tromethamine-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (trisEDTA). Comparisons of these combinations have not been made.

Heterogeneity of T-Tubules in Pig Hearts.

Background: T-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma that play a key role in excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian cardiac myocytes. Although t-tubules were generally considered to be effectively absent in atrial myocytes, recent studies on atrial cells from larger mammals suggest that t-tubules may be more numerous than previously supposed. However, the degree of heterogeneity between cardiomyocytes in the extent of the t-tubule network remains unclear.

FDA labeling of NSAIDs: Review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cardiovascular disease.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been extensively used worldwide for both chronic and acute musculoskeletal and inflammatory conditions. Extensive evidence has linked NSAID use with adverse cardiovascular events. This review article aims to review the existing evidence on the risk of cardiovascular and coronary events in both selective and nonselective NSAIDs, the time course of NSAIDs associated with cardiovascular risk, and specific populations that may be at increased risk.

Incorporation of an Explicit Critical-Thinking Curriculum to Improve Pharmacy Students' Critical-Thinking Skills.

Objective. The Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT) is a validated instrument to assess critical-thinking skills. The objective of this study was to determine if HSRT results improved in second-year student pharmacists after exposure to an explicit curriculum designed to develop critical-thinking skills.

Root Cause Analysis Design and Its Application to Pharmacy Education.

Objective. To evaluate third-year pharmacy students' ability to effectively design and apply root cause analysis (RCA) to a sentinel event and to analyze student responses for areas of proficiency and deficiency. Methods.

Data Driven Computer Simulation to Analyse an ECG Limb Lead System Used in Connected Health Environments.

Background: Recently under the Connected Health initiative, researchers and small-medium engineering companies have developed Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring devices that incorporate non-standard limb electrode positions, which we have named the Central Einthoven (CE) configuration.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to compare ECG signals recorded from the CE configuration with those recorded from the recommended Mason-Likar (ML) configuration.

Methods: This study involved extracting two different sets of ECG limb leads from each patient to compare the difference in the signals.

Multistate Evaluation of Microbial Water and Sediment Quality from Agricultural Recovery Basins.

Agricultural recovery basins are an important conservation practice designed to provide temporary storage of sediment and water on farms before low-volume discharge. However, food safety concerns have been raised regarding redistribution of captured sediment and water to fields used for human food production. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential microbiological risk that recovery basins may contribute to nearby produce fields and to evaluate characteristics that may influence or mitigate those risks.

Processing of Self versus Non-Self in Alzheimer's Disease.

Despite considerable evidence for abnormalities of self-awareness in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the cognitive mechanisms of altered self-processing in AD have not been fully defined. Here we addressed this issue in a detailed analysis of self/non-self-processing in three patients with AD. We designed a novel neuropsychological battery comprising tests of tactile body schema coding, attribution of tactile events to self versus external agents, and memory for self- versus non-self-generated vocal information, administered in conjunction with a daily life measure of self/non-self-processing (the Interpersonal Reactivity Index).

The evaluation of an open source online training system for teaching 12 lead electrocardiographic interpretation.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to present and evaluate the integration of a low resource JavaScript based ECG training interface (CrowdLabel) and a standardised curriculum for self-guided tuition in ECG interpretation.

Methods: Participants practiced interpreting ECGs weekly using the CrowdLabel interface to assist with the learning of the traditional didactic taught course material during a 6 week training period. To determine competency students were tested during week 7.

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors Attenuate the Asthma Phenotype Produced by β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists in Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-Knockout Mice.

Mice lacking the endogenous β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonist epinephrine (phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase [PNMT]-knockout mice) are resistant to developing an "asthma-like" phenotype in an ovalbumin sensitization and challenge (Ova S/C) model, and chronic administration of β2AR agonists to PNMT-KO mice restores the phenotype. Based on these and other studies showing differential effects of various β2AR ligands on the asthma phenotype, we have speculated that the permissive effect of endogenous epinephrine and exogenous β2AR agonists on allergic lung inflammation can be explained by qualitative β2AR signaling. The β2AR can signal through at least two pathways: the canonical Gαs-cAMP pathway and a β-arrestin-dependent pathway.