Impaired monocyte activation in schizophrenia: ultrastructural abnormalities and increased IL-1β production.

Monocyte activation is consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). We aimed to study the ultrastructure of monocytes and monocyte production of IL-1β in drug-free patients with SZ and controls. Monocytes from young (18-30 y.

[Ultrastructural changes of lymphocytes in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine].

Objective: to study the effect of olanzapine on the ultrastructure of different populations of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts in patients with schizophrenia.

Material And Methods: Authors performed a morphometric study using electron microscopy of lymphocytes in 56 patients with schizophrenia treated for 8 weeks with olanzapine and 49 patients treated for 28 weeks with olanzapine before and after treatment. Authors estimated the frequency and ultrastructural parameters of small, large, large activated lymphocytes and lymphoblasts.

[Ultrastructural changes in platelets of schizophrenia patients: a link with serotonin metabolism and therapeutic efficacy].

Objective: To investigate the effect of olanzapine treatment on the ultrastructure of granulated platelets (GP) and vacuolated platelets (VP) and to find their association with platelet serotonin (PS) content and treatment efficacy in patients with schizophrenia.

Materials And Methods: Platelets of 49 patients with attack-like schizophrenia treated with olanzapine and 31 healthy people were explored. Electron microscopic morphometry of GP and VP was performed to estimate the ultrastructural parameters of platelets.

[Ultrastructural changes in platelets and their relationship with serotonin metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine].

An aim of the study was to investigate the effect of olanzapine treatment on platelet ultrastructure and to search for its association with serotonin metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. Platelets of 59 patients with chronic (attack-like schizophrenia) treated with olanzapine and 31 health people were explored. Based on the data on the platelet ultrastructure, authors studied the content of functionally activated vacuolated platelets (VP) and less active granular platelets (GP) as well of platelet serotonin (PS).

[An electron microscopic study of typical lymphocytes and atypical cells of peripheral blood in patients with schizophrenia].

An electron microscopic analysis of a lymphocyte population from peripheral blood of 120 patients with schizophrenia (60 patients with acute and 60 with chronic form) and 31 healthy people has been conducted. The ultrastructure and percentage of 6 morphofunctional cell types are described. A statistical analysis of the data revealed that patients with chronic schizophrenia had the substantially increased content of activated lymphocytes, in particular lymphoblasts, while patients with acute schizophrenia had the ameliorated content of activated lymphocytes along with the increased number of lymphoblasts.

The ultrastructure of lymphocytes in schizophrenia.

Objective: Replicated abnormalities in schizophrenia include decreased cellular immunity. The aim of the study was to verify whether there are some abnormalities in the ultrastructure of lymphocytes in drug-free schizophrenic patients.

Method: Fifty-nine in-patients with paranoid schizophrenia (DSM-IV 295.

[The ultrastructure of dark and light thrombocytes].

Ultrastructure of thrombocytes with dark, light and intermediate hyaloplasm density has been studied in a population of thrombocytes of human peripheral blood. Excretion of specific granules, development of vacuolar structure, the increase in contact activity, and the cytochemical activity of phosphohydrolythic enzymes is accompanied by the corresponding decrease in the hyaloplasm density. Dark thrombocytes may be considered as potentially active ones, and the light ones, as actively functioning thrombocytes.

[An ultrastructural and ultracytochemical study of peripheral blood thrombocytes in women with habitual spontaneous abortion].

An ultrastructural and ultracytochemical analysis of platelets was performed to assess the activity of 5'-AMPase and ATPase using a leukoconcentrate of the peripheral blood cells of non-pregnant women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion. The blood platelet populations were found to have increased proportions of light thrombocytes in phases I and II of the menstrual cycle, which was associated with pronounced ultrastructural and cytochemical signs of a release reaction showing their activated state: reduced density of the hyaloplasm, diminished quantity of specific and glycogen granules, development of the vacuolar system, 5'-AMPase and ATPase activity on the plasmalemma, light hyaloplasm, and in released specific granules and vacuoles. The release reaction is associated with a high contact activity of platelets which results in the formation of small and large platelet aggregates and attachment of other blood cells--erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes.

[Ultracytochemical detection of nucleoside phosphatase activity in human peripheral blood cells].

The authors elaborated and described the optimum conditions for fixation, incubation and preparation of human blood cell samples in minimum quantities for ultrastructural and ultracytochemical investigations of 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase activities. The best preservation of the blood cell ultrastructure was obtained after fixation with buffered 1% glutaraldehyde solution followed by postfixation in buffered 1% OsO4 solution. The best ultracytochemical demonstration of 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase activities was achieved after fixation in buffered 2% formaldehyde prior to cytochemical incubation.

[Electron microscope study of the changes in the pyriform neurocytes in the mouse cerebellum during protein-calorie deficiency].

The changes in the distribution of dark, light and intermediate pyriform neurocytes (Purkinje's cells) in the cerebellum of mice which developed under the conditions of protein-caloric deficiency were assayed from the 10th to the 40th day of mouse life. In the control animals, the number of dark cells was 7 +/- 3%, of intermediate 44 +/- 7%, and that of light ones 49 +/- 7%. Under malnutrition the number of dark cells rose to 26 +/- 5% (P less than 0.

[Lymphocyte reaction in schizophrenia patients to the phytomitogens, concanavalin and phytohemagglutinin].

The capability of the schizophrenic patients' lymphocytes and lymphocytes of healthy persons to respond to the stimulating action of T-mutagens -- concanavalin A and PHA -- was studied. The T-cell count was determined by the method of rosette formation; the influence of adhesive cells on the lymphocyte response to mitogens was ascertained. The response to both the mitogens in the patients' lymphocyte cultures was reduced as compared to control, and the T-cell count failed to differ from the normal.

[Adhesive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients].

The blood of schizophrenic patients compared to that of normals contain 3, 4 times more adhesive lymphocytes. A blood analysis of 59 schizophrenic patients demonstrated that approximately 60% of the patients have a high content of such cells. Among the adhesive lymphocytes there are 5 times more activated, 3 times more wide plasmatic, but twice less narrow plasmatic lymphocytes compared to normals.

[Electron microscopic study of the interaction between lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients and human embryo brain cells under tissue culture conditions].

The authors convened an electron microscopic study of the interaction of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients with the brain cells of the embryo after a 24-hour joint cell incubation. It was found that in comparison with the lymphocytes of the normals, the lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients much more frequently come into contact with the cells of the brain culture. The lymphocytes of the patients are characterized by an increased amount of cytoplasmatic processes.

[Effect of schizophrenic patients' serum on the physiological state of lymphocytes under in vitro conditions].

The report is concerned with the action of the serum of schizophrenic patients on the physiological state of lymphocytes in normal donors. It was established that during the early stages of incubation the action of the serum in schizophrenic patients evokes the activation of lymphocytes in normal donors, that is seen in changes of the ultrastructure and adhesive properties of these cells. On the late stages of cultivation the serum of patients destroys 13.

[Quantitative electron-microscopic analysis of the lymphocyte population in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients].

The author conducted a quantitative submicroscopic analysis of a population of recently isolated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients. At the basis of the analysis there lies a subdivision of lymphocytes into 3 types according to their ultrastructure: narrow-plasmatic (I), widerplasmatic (II) and activated (III) cells. In the blood of schizophrenic patients the correlations of these cells were 54%, 24% and 22%, while the same figures for normals were 63%, 24% and 13%.

[Ultrastructure of schizophrenic patients' lymph nodes].

By means of the electron microscopic method it became possible to study the structure of the lymph groin node (bioptic material) in 4 cases of schizophrenia and in 2 normals. All the schizophrenic patients had continuous forms (nuclear) of the disease, while their mental state during the period of examination was characterized as terminal. An analysis of the cell structure in the lymph node demonstrated that in both groups the functional activity of the lymphoid tissue was sufficiently high and in relation to some indices this activity was even higher in the group of schizophrenics (a more expressed pynocytose activity of the reticular cells and macrophages, a higher amount of blast forms of the lymphocytes, plasmatic cells and activated lymphocytes).