Aims: According to the 2023 International Consensus, glucose metrics derived from two-week-long continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can be extrapolated up to 90 days before. However, no studies have focused on adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on multiple daily injections (MDIs) and with second-generation intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) sensors in a real-world setting.
Methods: This real-world, retrospective study included 539 90-day isCGM data from 367 adults with T1D on MDI therapy.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) initiation according to diabetes duration (DD).
Materials And Methods: We analysed patient-level data from 2381 insulin-naïve individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), of whom 2349 (98.7%) were treated with Gla-300 for 24 weeks.
Context: The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the natural history of glucose intolerance and its fluctuations in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) are still unclear.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between longitudinal changes in glucose tolerance and concomitant changes in the main parameters of insulin secretion/metabolism/action determining glucose regulation in CF subjects.
Methods: Insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS, a biomarker of beta cell functional mass), as estimated by the Oral Glucose Sensitivity Index (OGIS) and by a sophisticated mathematical model, respectively, and insulin clearance were assessed in 127 CF subjects, aged 10-25 years, who underwent two OGTT tests over at least 1-year follow-up period.
To compare the efficacy of polymer-free drug-eluting stents (PF-DES) versus other stents in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify pertinent randomized controlled trials. The primary end point was the occurrence of target lesion failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To assess the effectiveness of the intermittent-scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) system in preventing severe hypoglycemic episodes and in improving glucose parameters and quality of life.
Methods: Four hundred T1D individuals were enrolled in a prospective real-word study with an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring device during the 12-months follow-up. The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe hypoglycemic events.
: Pure bergamot juice exerts lipid lowering effects in dyslipidemic subjects. It is unknown whether bergamot-based beverages exert similar effects in healthy subjects. : To assess the effects, if any, of a bergamot-based beverage (BBB, bergamot juice ≤25%) on lipid, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: According to preclinical evidence, GLP-1 receptor may be an actionable target in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous clinical trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists were conducted in patients with early AD, yielding mixed results. The aim was to assess in a proof-of-concept study whether slow-release exenatide, a long-acting GLP-1 agonist, can benefit the cognitive performance of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To assess the efficacy of a structured educational intervention for health professionals on the appropriateness of inpatient diabetes care and on some clinical outcomes in hospitalised subjects.
Methods: A multicentre (6 regional hospitals) cluster-randomized (2:1) two parallel-group pragmatic intervention trials, as a part of the GOVEPAZ study, was conducted in three clinical settings, that is, Internal Medicine, Surgery and Intensive Care. Intervention consisted of a 2-month structured education of clinical staff to inpatient diabetes care.
Background: Structure and protein-starch interactions in pasta products can be responsible for lower postprandial glycemic responses compared with other cereal foods.
Objectives: We tested the effect on postprandial glucose metabolism induced by 2 pasta products, couscous, and bread, through their structural changes during mastication and simulated gastric digestion.
Methods: Two randomized controlled trials (n = 30/trial) in healthy, normal-weight adults (mean BMI of 23.
Introduction: Using pooled data from the REALI European database, we evaluated the impact of previous basal insulin (BI) type on real-life effectiveness and safety of switching to insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300) in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Patient-level data were pooled from 11 prospective, open-label, 24-week studies. Participants were classified according to the type of prior BI.
Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are considered as a homogeneous cohort of patients. However, the specific role of diabetic microvascular complications (DMC), in determining the features of coronary plaques is poorly known. We investigated whether the presence of DMC may identify a different phenotype of patients associated to specific clinical, angiographic, optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and different prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To date, no consistent data are available on the possible impact of CFTR modulators on glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with CFTR modulators is associated with an improvement in the key direct determinants of glucose regulation in children and young adults affected by Cystic Fibrosis (CF).
Methods: In this study, 21 CF patients aged 10-25 underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 12-18 months of treatment with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor or Elexacaftor-Ivacaftor-Tezacaftor.
Aims: We investigated quantitative expression, mutual aggregation and relation with hyperglycemia of insulin resistance (IR) and beta-cell dysfunction (BCD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Methods: We assessed IR with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and BCD with modelled glucose/C-peptide response to oral glucose in 729 mostly drug-naïve patients. We measured glycated hemoglobin, pre-prandial, post-prandial and meal-related excursion of blood glucose.
Background: Empagliflozin can curb inflammation and oxidative stress, through sodium-proton exchanger (NHE) inhibition, in a model of lipotoxicity in human myeloid angiogenic cells (MAC), which mediate endothelial repairing processes. Aim of this study is to assess in human MAC whether: (1) Stearic acid (SA) induced inflammation and increase in oxidant stress is accompanied by bioenergetic alterations; (2) empagliflozin anti-lipotoxic action is concomitant with coherent changes in bioenergetic metabolism, possibly via NHE blockade.
Methods: MAC were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and incubated in the presence/absence of SA (100 μM for 3 h) with/without empagliflozin (EMPA 100 μM) or amiloride (Ami 100 μM) for 1 h.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is preferentially expressed in pancreatic islets, especially in β-cells, and highly expressed in human insulinomas and gastrinomas. In recent years several GLP-1R-avid radioligands have been developed to image insulin-secreting tumors or to provide a tentative quantitative in vivo biomarker of pancreatic β-cell mass. Exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide with high binding affinity to GLP-1R, has been labeled with Ga-68 for imaging with positron emission tomography (PET).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe tested the hypothesis that common genetic variability of beta-cell genes responsible for monogenic diabetes may affect beta cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We studied 794 drug- naïve GAD-negative patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (age: median=59 years; I.Q.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The inflammatory potential of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (Spike) has never been tested in human primary macrophages (MΦ). Different recombinant Spikes might display different effects in vitro, according to protein length and glycosylation, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) contamination.
Objectives: To assess (1) the effects of different Spikes on human primary MΦ inflammation; (2) whether LPS contamination of recombinant Spike is (con)cause in vitro of increased MΦ inflammation.
Introduction: Gender differences in risk factors and treatment outcomes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may exist. We used the REALI European database to investigate whether there were gender-specific differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes among patients with inadequately controlled T2DM initiated on insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla-300).
Methods: Data were pooled from 14 multicentre, prospective, interventional and non-interventional studies.
Aim: MG53 is a myokine modulating insulin signaling in several tissues; its relationship to glucose tolerance or risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unknown. This observational, prospective study aimed at evaluating the relationship between MG53 and glucose tolerance, testing whether its circulating levels may be associated with disease progression in a cohort at high risk of T2DM.
Methods: Five hundred and fifteen subjects who underwent a deep characterization of their glucose tolerance in the years 2003-2005 participated in this study.
Background: Structure and protein-starch interactions in pasta products can be responsible for lower postprandial glycemic responses compared with other cereal foods.
Objectives: We tested the effect on postprandial glucose metabolism induced by 2 pasta products, couscous, and bread, through their structural changes during mastication and simulated gastric digestion.
Methods: Two randomized controlled trials (n = 30/trial) in healthy, normal-weight adults (mean BMI of 23.
Aim: People of Black African ancestry, who are known to be at disproportionately high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), typically exhibit lower hepatic insulin clearance compared with White Europeans. However, the mechanisms underlying this metabolic characteristic are poorly understood. We explored whether low insulin clearance in Black African (BA) men could be explained by insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation or adiponectin concentrations.
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