Innovative multidimensional gait evaluation using IMU in multiple sclerosis: introducing the semiogram.

Background: Quantifying gait using inertial measurement units has gained increasing interest in recent years. Highly degraded gaits, especially in neurological impaired patients, challenge gait detection algorithms and require specific segmentation and analysis tools. Thus, the outcomes of these devices must be rigorously tested for both robustness and relevancy in order to recommend their routine use.

Late-onset vascular complications of radiotherapy for primary brain tumors: a case-control and cross-sectional analysis.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is a recognized risk factor for cerebrovascular (CV) disease in children and in adults with head and neck cancer. We aimed to investigate whether cerebral RT increases the risk of CV disease in adults with primary brain tumors (PBT).

Methods: We retrospectively identified adults with a supratentorial PBT diagnosed between 1975 and 2006 and with at least 10 years follow-up after treatment.

Advances in treatments of patients with classical and emergent neurological toxicities of anticancer agents.

The neurotoxicity associated to the anticancer treatments has received a growing body of interest in the recent years. The development of innovating therapies over the last 20years has led to the emergence of new toxicities. Their diagnosis and management can be challenging in the clinical practice and further research is warranted to improve the understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms.

Real-World Effectiveness of Natalizumab Extended Interval Dosing in a French Cohort.

Introduction: Natalizumab, a therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), is associated with a risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Over the last several years, practitioners have used off-label extended interval dosing (EID) of natalizumab to reduce PML risk, despite the absence of a large-scale efficacy evaluation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cohort study among adults with RRMS receiving stable standard interval dosing (SID), defined as a ≥ 12-month consecutive period of ≥ 11 natalizumab infusions/year in France.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in a large French cohort of aircrew members and risk of in-flight sleepiness.

Background: /objectives: Sleep disorders are a critical issue for flight safety. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of sleep disorders and excessive sleepiness in the general population and some aircrews. The objectives of this study are to measure the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disorders in aircrews, and to determine the risk factors of falling asleep during a flight.

Autoimmune cerebellar hypermetabolism: Report of three cases and literature overview.

We report three cases of vermian cerebellar hypermetabolism in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. One of our patients was positive for anti-Ma2 antibodies and one for anti-Zic4 antibodies while the remaining patient did not present any known antibodies. The seronegative patient deteriorated after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma and improved with immunosuppressive drugs, which is in favour of an underlying autoimmune mechanism.

Cumulative incidence and risk factors for radiation induced leukoencephalopathy in high grade glioma long term survivors.

The incidence and risk factors associated with radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) in long-term survivors of high-grade glioma (HGG) are still poorly investigated. We performed a retrospective research in our institutional database for patients with supratentorial HGG treated with focal radiotherapy, having a progression-free overall survival > 30 months and available germline DNA. We reviewed MRI scans for signs of leukoencephalopathy on T2/FLAIR sequences, and medical records for information on cerebrovascular risk factors and neurological symptoms.

Leukoencephalopathy with transient splenial lesions related to 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine have been rarely but consistently associated with acute central nervous system toxicity, including transient leukoencephalopathies involving the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Methods: We performed a retrospective search in the French Pharmacovigilance database (FPDB) (January 1985-July 2020) for adult patients affected by solid cancers who developed acute toxic leukoencephalopathies with splenial lesions following treatment with 5-FU or capecitabine. A comprehensive review of the literature helped to circumstantiate our findings.

Sensitivity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in screening for cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is frequent in patients with high-grade glioma and requires cognitive follow-up. Cognitive screening tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have been used to assess cognition in these patients. Here we assessed the sensitivity of the MoCA in screening for cognitive impairment in a cohort of 156 patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade glioma, after surgery and before radiochemotherapy.

Balance Impairment in Radiation Induced Leukoencephalopathy Patients Is Coupled With Altered Visual Attention in Natural Tasks.

Recent studies have shown that alterations in executive function and attention lead to balance control disturbances. One way of exploring the allocation of attention is to record eye movements. Most experimental data come from a free viewing of static scenes but additional information can be leveraged by recording eye movements during natural tasks.

Who should undergo a comprehensive cognitive assessment after a stroke? A cognitive risk score.

Objective: To validate the ability of a specifically developed cognitive risk score to identify patients at risk of poststroke neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) who are eligible for a comprehensive cognitive assessment.

Methods: After assessing 404 patients (infarct 91.3%) in the Groupe de Réflexion pour l'Evaluation Cognitive VASCulaire (GRECogVASC) cross-sectional study with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network battery 6 months after stroke, we used multivariable logistic regression and bootstrap analyses to determine factors associated with NCDs.

Prevalence of Poststroke Neurocognitive Disorders Using National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network, VASCOG Criteria (Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders), and Optimized Criteria of Cognitive Deficit.

Background And Purpose: The prevalence of poststroke neurocognitive disorder (NCD) has yet to be accurately determined. The primary objective of the present study was to optimize operationalization of the criterion for NCD by using an external validity criterion.

Methods: The GRECOG-VASC cohort (Groupe de Réflexion pour l'Évaluation Cognitive Vasculaire) of 404 stroke patients with cerebral infarct (91.

Phenotype and genotype of muscle ryanodine receptor rhabdomyolysis-myalgia syndrome.

Objectives: Rhabdomyolysis and myalgia are common conditions, and mutation in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RYR1) is suggested to be a common cause. Due to the large size of RYR1, however, sequencing has not been widely accessible before the recent advent of next-generation sequencing technology and limited phenotypic descriptions are therefore available.

Material & Methods: We present the medical history, clinical and ancillary findings of patients with RYR1 mutations and rhabdomyolysis and myalgia identified in Denmark, France and The Netherlands.

Episodic Memory Impairments in Primary Brain Tumor Patients.

Objective: Cognitive investigations in brain tumor patients have mostly explored episodic memory without differentiating between encoding, storage, and retrieval deficits. The aim of this study is to offer insight into the memory sub-processes affected in primary brain tumor patients and propose an appropriate assessment method.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and memory assessments of 158 patients with primary brain tumors who had presented to our departments with cognitive complaints and were investigated using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment or « chemobrain »: concept and state of art.

Cognitive complaints are frequent in patients who received chemotherapy for a non-CNS cancer. These observations have been described as « chemobrain ». However, studies results are contradictory concerning the implication of chemotherapy in the onset of cognitive defects.

SMART syndrome: Classic transient symptoms leading to an unusual unfavorable outcome.

Background: Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare complication of cerebral radiation therapy that usually presents>10 years after treatment as reversible paroxysmal episodes of neurological dysfunction associated with headaches.

Cases: We report here on two cases of SMART syndrome in long-term survivors of high-grade glioma for whom neuropathological data were available. The course of the disease was unfavorable.

Ebola Virus-Related Encephalitis.

Ebola patients frequently exhibit behavioral modifications with ideation slowing and aggressiveness, sometimes contrasting with mild severity of Ebola disease. We performed lumbar punctures in 3 patients with this presentation and found Ebola virus in all cerebrospinal fluid samples. This discovery helps to discuss the concept of a specific Ebola virus encephalitis.

Quick, non-invasive and quantitative assessment of small fiber neuropathy in patients receiving chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a common, potentially severe and dose-limiting adverse effect; however, it is poorly investigated at an early stage due to the lack of a simple assessment tool. As sweat glands are innervated by small autonomic C-fibers, sudomotor function testing has been suggested for early screening of peripheral neuropathy. This study aimed to evaluate Sudoscan, a non-invasive and quantitative method to assess sudomotor function, in the detection and follow-up of CIPN.

[Perstimulus asystole during electroconvulsive therapy: Clinical case and critical literature review].

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most frequently indicated for episodes of melancholic depression, but is also useful in the treatment of maniac syndrome and some schizophrenia subtypes. ECT is part of the treatment of movement disorders, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and even in the treatment of severe conversions. Although the therapeutic results are excellent when used appropriately, the mortality rate is estimated between 2 and 4 for 100,000 shocks.

Refsum Disease Presenting with a Late-Onset Leukodystrophy.

Adult Refsum disease is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder characterized by phytanic acid storage. Clinical symptoms usually begin in late childhood before the age of 20. Typical clinical presentation includes nyctalopia caused by retinitis pigmentosa, and anosmia.