ADONHERS (Aged DONor HEart Rescue by Stress Echo) National Protocol: Recipient's Survival after 10-Year Follow-Up.

: The gold-standard treatment for end-stage heart failure is heart transplantation, but the lack of organ donors remains an important limitation in this field. An accurate selection of marginal hearts is fundamental to increase organ availability. : In our study we analyzed if recipients receiving marginal donor (MD) hearts, selected by dipyridamole stress echocardiography according to the ADOHERS national protocol, had different outcomes compared to recipients with acceptable donor (AD) hearts.

Stress Echo 2030: The Novel ABCDE-(FGLPR) Protocol to Define the Future of Imaging.

With stress echo (SE) 2020 study, a new standard of practice in stress imaging was developed and disseminated: the ABCDE protocol for functional testing within and beyond CAD. ABCDE protocol was the fruit of SE 2020, and is the seed of SE 2030, which is articulated in 12 projects: 1-SE in coronary artery disease (SECAD); 2-SE in diastolic heart failure (SEDIA); 3-SE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SEHCA); 4-SE post-chest radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SERA); 5-Artificial intelligence SE evaluation (AI-SEE); 6-Environmental stress echocardiography and air pollution (ESTER); 7-SE in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (SETOF); 8-SE in post-COVID-19 (SECOV); 9: Recovery by stress echo of conventionally unfit donor good hearts (RESURGE); 10-SE for mitral ischemic regurgitation (SEMIR); 11-SE in valvular heart disease (SEVA); 12-SE for coronary vasospasm (SESPASM). The study aims to recruit in the next 5 years (2021-2025) ≥10,000 patients followed for ≥5 years (up to 2030) from ≥20 quality-controlled laboratories from ≥10 countries.

Hemodynamic Heterogeneity of Reduced Cardiac Reserve Unmasked by Volumetric Exercise Echocardiography.

Background: Two-dimensional volumetric exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) provides an integrated view of left ventricular (LV) preload reserve through end-diastolic volume (EDV) and LV contractile reserve (LVCR) through end-systolic volume (ESV) changes.

Purpose: To assess the dependence of cardiac reserve upon LVCR, EDV, and heart rate (HR) during ESE.

Methods: We prospectively performed semi-supine bicycle or treadmill ESE in 1344 patients (age 59.

Feasibility and value of two-dimensional volumetric stress echocardiography.

Background: Stroke volume response during stress is a major determinant of functional status in heart failure and can be measured by two-dimensional (2-D) volumetric stress echocardiography (SE). The present study hypothesis is that SE may identify mechanisms underlying the change in stroke volume by measuring preload reserve through end-diastolic volume (EDV) and left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) with systolic blood pressure and end-systolic volume (ESV).

Methods: We enrolled 4735 patients (age 63.

The prognostic value of stroke work/end-diastolic volume ratio during stress echocardiography.

Background: The ventricular stroke work (SW) refers to the work done by the left ventricle to eject the volume of blood during one cardiac cycle. The cath-lab relationship between SW and end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the preload-recruitable SW (PRSW). Recently a non-invasive single-beat PRSW (SBPRSW) has been proposed.

Heart rate reserve during dipyridamole stress test applied to potential heart donors in brain death.

Background: A blunted heart rate reserve (HRR) during dipyridamole stress echocardiography (DSE) is a prognostically unfavorable sign of cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Short-term adjustments of heart rate (HR) are thought to rise from changes in neural input to the heart. DSE is applied in potential heart donors to rule out underlying coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.

The value of a simplified approach to end-systolic volume measurement for assessment of left ventricular contractile reserve during stress-echocardiography.

The peak stress/rest ratio of left ventricular (LV) elastance, or LV force, is a load-independent index of left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) with stress echo (SE). To assess the accuracy of LVCR calculated during SE with approaches of different complexity. Two-hundred-forty patients were referred to SE for known or suspected coronary artery disease or heart failure and, of those, 200 patients, age 61 ± 15, 99 females, with interpretable volumetric SE were enrolled.

Left ventricular contractile reserve in stress echocardiography: the bright side of the force.

Stress echocardiography (SE) is based on the detection of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) mirroring a physiologi-cally critical epicardial artery stenosis which determines subendocardial underperfusion. Recently, the core protocol of SE has been enriched by the addition of left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) based on force. Changes in force can be caused by microvascular and/or epicardial coronary artery disease, but also by myocardial scar, necrosis, and/or sub-epicardial layer disease.

Integration of Wall Motion, Coronary Flow Velocity, and Left Ventricular Contractile Reserve in a Single Test: Prognostic Value of Vasodilator Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Diabetes.

Background: Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) have demonstrated prognostic importance in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic contribution of combined evaluation of CFVR and LVCR in patients with diabetes with nonischemic stress echocardiography.

Methods: Three hundred seventy-five patients with diabetes (mean age, 68 ± 9 years) with nonischemic dipyridamole stress echocardiography underwent assessment of CFVR of the left anterior descending coronary artery (prospectively) and LVCR with left ventricular force (retrospectively) in a multicenter study.

Pressure-volume Relationship in the Stress-echocardiography Laboratory: Does (Left Ventricular End-diastolic) Size Matter?

Introduction And Objectives: The variation between rest and peak stress end-systolic pressure-volume relation is an afterload-independent index of left ventricular contractility. Whether and to what extent it depends on end-diastolic volume remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the dependence of the delta rest-stress end-systolic pressure-volume relation on end-diastolic volume in patients with negative stress echo and all ranges of resting left ventricular function.

Longitudinal Strain Stress-Echo Evaluation of Aged Marginal Donor Hearts: Feasibility in the Adonhers Project.

Background: The Adonhers (aged donor heart rescue by stress-echo protocol) Project was created to resolve the current shortage of donor hearts. One of the great limits of stress echo is the operator dependency. Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE), offering a quantitative objective analysis of myocardial deformation, may help to overcome this limit.

Medium-term outcome of recipients of marginal donor hearts selected with new stress-echocardiographic techniques over standard criteria.

Background: Heart transplantation is limited by severe donor organ shortage. Regardless of the changes made in the acceptance of marginal donors, any such mechanism cannot be considered successful unless recipient graft survival rates remain acceptable. A stress echo-driven selection of donors has proven successful in older donors with normal left ventricular resting function and in standard donors with reversible resting left ventricular dysfunction acutely improving during stress, or slowly improving (over hours) during intensive hormonal treatment.

Myocardial contractility in the stress echo lab: from pathophysiological toy to clinical tool.

Up-regulation of Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels by high rates of beating is involved in the frequency-dependent regulation of contractility: this process is crucial in adaptation to exercise and stress and is universally known as force-frequency relation (FFR). Disturbances in calcium handling play a central role in the disturbed contractile function in myocardial failure. Measurements of twitch tension in isolated left-ventricular strips from explanted cardiomyopathic hearts compared with non-failing hearts show flat or biphasic FFR, while it is up-sloping in normal hearts.

Transplant of stunned donor hearts rescued by pharmacological stress echocardiography: a "proof of concept" report.

Background: Due to the shortage of donor hearts, the criteria for acceptance have been considerably expanded. Hearts with regional or global left ventricular dysfunction are excluded from donation, but stress echo might be useful to identify patients with reversible wall motion abnormalities, potentially eligible for donation.

Methods: Six marginal candidate donors (mean age, 40 ± 13 years; three men) were enrolled.

Real time 3D echocardiography (RT3D) for assessment of ventricular and vascular function in hypertensive and heart failure patients.

Background: Cardiac and systemic hemodynamics have been historically in the domain of invasive cardiology, but recent advances in real-time 3-Dimensional echocardiography (RT3D echo) provide a reliable measurement of ventricular volumes, allowing to measure a set of hemodynamic parameters previously difficult or impossible to obtain with standard 2D echo.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of a comprehensive hemodynamic study with RT-3D echo.

Methods: We enrolled 136 patients referred for routine echocardiography: 44 normal (N), 57 hypertensive (HYP), and 35 systolic heart failure patients (HF).

Wait, treat and see: echocardiographic monitoring of brain-dead potential donors with stunned heart.

Background: Heart transplantation is limited by a severe donor organ shortage. Potential donors with brain death (BD) and left ventricular dysfunction due to neurogenic stunning are currently excluded from donation--although such abnormalities can be reversible with aggressive treatment including Hormonal Treatment (HT) and deferred organ retrieval.

Aim: To assess the recovery of left ventricular dysfunction in potential brain-dead donors with hemodynamic instability treated by aggressive treatment and HT.

Abnormal shortened diastolic time length at increasing heart rates in patients with abnormal exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure.

Background: The degree of pulmonary hypertension is not independently related to the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction but is frequently associated with diastolic filling abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess diastolic times at increasing heart rates in normal and in patients with and without abnormal exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PASP).

Methods: We enrolled 109 patients (78 males, age 62 ± 13 years) referred for exercise stress echocardiography and 16 controls.

[Heart recruiment of elderly donors by pharmacological echostress].

Background: The heart transplant is a treatment of the heart failure, which is not responding to medications. To counteract heart donor shortage, we should screen aged potential donor hearts for initial cardiomyopathy and functionally significant coronary artery disease, in order to exclude donors with a history of cardiac disease. A simple way to evaluate this should be stress echocardiography.

Favorable short-term outcome of transplanted hearts selected from marginal donors by pharmacological stress echocardiography.

Background: Because of the shortage of donor hearts, the criteria for acceptance have been considerably expanded. Abnormal results on pharmacologic stress echocardiography are associated with significant coronary artery disease and/or occult cardiomyopathy on verification by cardiac autopsy. The aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of an approach based on pharmacologic stress echocardiography as a gatekeeper for extended heart donor criteria.

WEB downloadable software for training in cardiovascular hemodynamics in the (3-D) stress echo lab.

When a physiological (exercise) stress echo is scheduled, interest focuses on wall motion segmental contraction abnormalities to diagnose ischemic response to stress, and on left ventricular ejection fraction to assess contractile reserve. Echocardiographic evaluation of volumes (plus standard assessment of heart rate and blood pressure) is ideally suited for the quantitative and accurate calculation of a set of parameters allowing a complete characterization of cardiovascular hemodynamics (including cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance), left ventricular elastance (mirroring left ventricular contractility, theoretically independent of preload and afterload changes heavily affecting the ejection fraction), arterial elastance, ventricular arterial coupling (a central determinant of net cardiovascular performance in normal and pathological conditions), and diastolic function (through the diastolic mean filling rate). All these parameters were previously inaccessible, inaccurate or labor-intensive and now become, at least in principle, available in the stress echocardiography laboratory since all of them need an accurate estimation of left ventricular volumes and stroke volume, easily derived from 3 D echo.