Impostor phenomenon and its association with resilience in medical education - a questionnaire study among Swedish medical students.

Background: Concern over medical students' well-being is a global issue, with studies showing high psychological distress rates. Impostor Phenomenon (IP), i.e.

Quality by design approach to improve quality and decrease cost of in vitro transcription of mRNA using design of experiments.

In vitro transcription (IVT) reaction is an RNA polymerase-catalyzed production of messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA template, and the unit operation with highest cost of goods in the mRNA drug substance production process. To decrease the cost of mRNA production, reagents should be optimally utilized. Due to the catalytic, multicomponent nature of the IVT reaction, optimization is a multi-factorial problem, ideally suited to design-of-experiment approach for optimization and identification of design space.

Regulatory and evolutionary impact of DNA methylation in two songbird species and their naturally occurring F hybrids.

Background: Regulation of transcription by DNA methylation in 5'-CpG-3' context is a widespread mechanism allowing differential expression of genetically identical cells to persist throughout development. Consequently, differences in DNA methylation can reinforce variation in gene expression among cells, tissues, populations, and species. Despite a surge in studies on DNA methylation, we know little about the importance of DNA methylation in population differentiation and speciation.

Meiotic drive against chromosome fusions in butterfly hybrids.

Species frequently differ in the number and structure of chromosomes they harbor, but individuals that are heterozygous for chromosomal rearrangements may suffer from reduced fitness. Chromosomal rearrangements like fissions and fusions can hence serve as a mechanism for speciation between incipient lineages, but their evolution poses a paradox. How can rearrangements get fixed between populations if heterozygotes have reduced fitness? One solution is that this process predominantly occurs in small and isolated populations, where genetic drift can override natural selection.

"Patchiness" in mechanical stiffness across a tumor as an early-stage marker for malignancy.

Mechanical phenotyping of tumors, either at an individual cell level or tumor cell population level is gaining traction as a diagnostic tool. However, the extent of diagnostic and prognostic information that can be gained through these measurements is still unclear. In this work, we focus on the heterogeneity in mechanical properties of cells obtained from a single source such as a tissue or tumor as a potential novel biomarker.

Impostor phenomenon is a common feature among individuals with primary hyperhidrosis.

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis consists of excessive focal sweating. Affected individuals camouflage the sweating on their body, avoiding stigmatisation. Hence, misrepresentation in social interactions is a common feature in patients with hyperhidrosis.

Source apportionment of fine atmospheric particles in Bloemfontein, South Africa, using positive matrix factorization.

Air pollution is of major health and environmental concern globally and in South Africa. Studies on the sources of PM air pollution in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa are limited. This study aimed to identify local and distant sources of PM pollution in Bloemfontein.

A study protocol for implementing Canadian Practice Guidelines for Treating Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders.

Background: Eating disorders have one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric illnesses. Timely intervention is crucial for effective treatment, as eating disorders tend to be chronic and difficult to manage if left untreated. Clinical practice guidelines play a vital role in improving healthcare delivery, aiming to minimize variations in care and bridge the gap between research and practice.

Emotional intelligence among medical students in Sweden - a questionnaire study.

Background: Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to understand and regulate one's and other's emotions, has been linked to academic and clinical performance and stress management, making it an essential skill to develop during medical school. Nevertheless, uncertainty remains about the impact of medical education on EI, its association with sociodemographic factors, and the potential moderating role of gender. Therefore, this study aimed to explore levels of global EI among Swedish medical students based on their completed semesters while analyzing the potential moderator role of gender and identifying potential EI differences associated with age, gender, prior education, work experience, and previous experience working in a leadership position.

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Potentially Toxic Elements in PM Collected in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.

Air pollution causes environmental and health problems around the world. In this study, ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 microns (PM) has been collected at three different locations in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The locations are characterized by differences in terms of traffic, residential intensity, industrial, and non-road mobile machinery activities.

Base Composition, Codon Usage, and Patterns of Gene Sequence Evolution in Butterflies.

Coding sequence evolution is influenced by both natural selection and neutral evolutionary forces. In many species, the effects of mutation bias, codon usage, and GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) on gene sequence evolution have not been detailed. Quantification of how these forces shape substitution patterns is therefore necessary to understand the strength and direction of natural selection.

Nascent evolution of recombination rate differences as a consequence of chromosomal rearrangements.

Reshuffling of genetic variation occurs both by independent assortment of chromosomes and by homologous recombination. Such reshuffling can generate novel allele combinations and break linkage between advantageous and deleterious variants which increases both the potential and the efficacy of natural selection. Here we used high-density linkage maps to characterize global and regional recombination rate variation in two populations of the wood white butterfly (Leptidea sinapis) that differ considerably in their karyotype as a consequence of at least 27 chromosome fissions and fusions.

Self-compassion, perfectionism, impostor phenomenon, stress and anxiety in patients with localized provoked vulvodynia.

Studies have shown that psychological distress has a role in the symptomology of localized provoked vulvodynia. Therefore, psychosocial support has been presented as a valuable part of the treatment. However, little is known about which psychological variables that coincide with localized provoked vulvodynia.

Case-crossover study for the association between increased hospital admissions for respiratory diseases and the increase in atmospheric PM and PM-bound trace elements in Pretoria, South Africa.

Outdoor PM was sampled in Pretoria, 18 April 2017 to 28 February 2020. A case-crossover epidemiology study was associated for increased PM and trace elements with increased hospital admissions for respiratory disorders (J00-J99). The results included a significant increase in hospital admissions, with total PM of 2.

Environmental stress during larval development induces DNA methylation shifts in the migratory painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui).

Seasonal environmental fluctuations provide formidable challenges for living organisms, especially small ectotherms such as butterflies. A common strategy to cope with harsh environments is to enter diapause, but some species avoid unsuitable conditions by migrating. Despite a growing understanding of migration in the life cycles of some butterfly species, it remains unknown how individuals register and store environmental cues to determine whether and where to migrate.

Health risk assessment of PM and PM-bound trace elements in Pretoria, South Africa.

Exposure to outdoor air pollutants poses a risk for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic respiratory disease outcomes. A standardized health risk assessment (US EPA) utilizes air quality data, body mass and breathing rates to determine potential risk. This health risk assessment study assesses the hazard quotient (HQ) for total PM and trace elemental constituents (Br, Cl, K, Ni, S, Si, Ti and U) exposure in Pretoria, South Africa.

Larger genomes show improved buffering of adult fitness against environmental stress in seed beetles.

Our general understanding of the evolution of genome size (GS) is incomplete, and it has long been clear that GS does not reflect organismal complexity. Here, we assess the hypothesis that larger genomes may allow organisms to better cope with environmental variation. It is, for example, possible that genome expansion due to proliferation of transposable elements or gene duplications may affect the ability to regulate and fine-tune transcriptional profiles.

Examining Sanction Type and Drug Offender Recidivism: A Register-Based Study in Finland.

Nordic countries incarcerate offenders at much lower rates in comparison with incarceration rates in the United States, and reincarcerate fewer people per capita. Noncustodial alternatives to sanctions, including fines and community service, are used extensively in Finland to reduce negative effects of institutionalization and subsequent disadvantage caused by incarceration. The nature of drug-involved offenders within the Finnish system is reviewed in light of current research about the effectiveness of incarceration and deterrence-based approaches for drug offenders.

Self-Perceptions of Attractiveness and Offending During Adolescence.

Despite a well-established body of research demonstrating that others' evaluations of a person's physical attractiveness carry significant meaning, researchers have largely ignored how self-perceptions of physical attractiveness relate to offending behaviors. Applying general strain theory and using eight waves of panel data from the Adolescent Academic Context Study, we explore how self-perceptions of attractiveness relate to offending as youth progress through school. Results demonstrate that youth who perceive themselves as more attractive engage in more-not less-offending.

Synthesis of Cyano-Benzylidene Xanthene Synthons Using a Diprotic Brønsted Acid Catalyst, and Their Application as Efficient Inhibitors of Aluminum Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions.

Novel cyano-benzylidene xanthene derivatives were synthesized using one-pot and condensation reactions. A diprotic Brønsted acid (i.e.

Particulate Matter (PM) Characterization, Air Quality Level and Origin of Air Masses in an Urban Background in Pretoria.

Several sources have been identified as contributing to the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter, which has been associated to a variety of health issues. The chemical characteristics and sources of trace elements in PM, as well as the air quality index, were investigated in this study. Twenty four-hour fine aerosol particles were collected in an urban area in Pretoria, South Africa, from April 2017 to April 2018.

True infection or contamination in patients with positive Cutibacterium blood cultures-a retrospective cohort study.

Cutibacterium is a genus often considered a contaminant when present in blood cultures, but it can also cause severe infections, especially related to implanted foreign materials. We investigated the incidence and features of patients with true Cutibacterium infection. Patients with positive Cutibacterium blood cultures between the years 2015-2020 in southern Sweden were identified through microbiology records and medical records were studied retrospectively.

Carbon Capture, Employment, and Coming Home from Prison.

Finding and securing employment is a huge challenge for those who have been released from prison. In this paper, we argue that carbon capture technology carries the unique potential to positively impact employment opportunities for those who are undergoing the reentry process. Notably, these careers exist nearly entirely in industries which already employ ex-felons.

Source apportionment of fine atmospheric particles using positive matrix factorization in Pretoria, South Africa.

In Pretoria South Africa, we looked into the origins of fine particulate matter (PM), based on 1-year sampling campaign carried out between April 18, 2017, and April 17, 2018. The average PM concentration was 21.1 ± 15.