[Healthy aging in Geneva : the innovative approach of the VieSA project].

With Switzerland's population ageing, promoting healthy ageing remains a public health issue. This represents a challenge for the healthcare system, which is still mainly focused on curative or palliative care. It has been clearly established that it is possible to maintain the functional capacity of older people by taking early action on health-related behaviors.

CD8 and CD4 T Cell Populations in Human Kidneys.

Background: At border sites, and in internal organs, tissue resident memory T cells (T contribute to the immune barrier against pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and cancer. However, information on the presence and function of these cells in the human kidney is scant. In order to better understand the T cell-mediated immunological defense in this organ, we aimed to determine phenotypic and functional aspects of CD8 and CD4 T cells present in healthy and allograft kidney tissue.

Giant Barocaloric Effects in Natural Rubber: A Relevant Step toward Solid-State Cooling.

Solid-state cooling based on -caloric effects has shown to be a promising alternative to the conventional refrigeration devices. Only very recently, the research on barocaloric materials is receiving a deal of attention due to the demonstration of giant barocaloric effects in shape-memory alloys. Regarding polymers, there is still a lack of literature, despite their high caloric potential.

Note: Experimental setup for measuring the barocaloric effect in polymers: Application to natural rubber.

Barocaloric materials have shown to be promising alternatives to the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration technologies. Nevertheless, barocaloric effect (σ-CE) has not been extensively examined for many classes of materials up to now. Aiming at fulfilling this gap, the present paper describes the development of a high-pressure experimental setup for measuring the σ-CE in polymers.

CXCR5+CD4+ follicular helper T cells accumulate in resting human lymph nodes and have superior B cell helper activity.

Although many relevant immune reactions are initiated in the lymph nodes, this compartment has not been systematically studied in humans. Analyses have been performed on immune cells derived from tonsils, but as this tissue is most often inflamed, generalization of these data is difficult. Here, we analyzed the phenotype and function of the human CD4(+) T-cell subsets and lineages in paired resting lymph node and peripheral blood samples.

Multilayer transducer for acoustic bladder volume assessment on the basis of nonlinear wave propagation.

Catheterization remains the gold standard for bladder volume assessment, but it is invasive, uncomfortable to the patient and introduces the risk of infections and traumas. Acoustic measurement of the bladder volume reduces the need for a urinary catheter. Recently, a new method to non-invasively measure the volume of liquid filled cavities in vivo on the basis of nonlinear wave propagation has been introduced.

Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms using a dedicated portable ultrasound system: early results.

Aims: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are often diagnosed at time of (impending) rupture leading to a dramatic increase of morbidity and mortality. A simple screening device might be the key solution for widespread AAA screening. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a new portable ultrasound scanner (Aortascan BVI 9600) developed for automatic AAA detection.

Comparison with computed tomography of two ultrasound devices for diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in patients at risk will become more cost effective if a simple, inexpensive, and reliable ultrasound device is available. The aim of this study was to compare a 2-dimensional, handheld ultrasound device and a newly developed ultrasound volume scanner (based on bladder scan technology) with computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing AAA. A total of 146 patients (mean age 69 +/- 10 years; 127 men) were screened for the presence of AAAs (diameter >3 cm) using CT.

Design of a multilayer transducer for acoustic bladder volume assessment.

Catheterization remains the "gold standard" for bladder volume assessment, but it is invasive and introduces the risk of infections and traumas. Therefore, noninvasive bladder volume measurement methods have gained interest. In a preceding study a new technique to measure the bladder volume on the basis of nonlinear ultrasound wave propagation was validated.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening using non-imaging hand-held ultrasound volume scanner--a pilot study.

Background: Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is cost-effective and timely repair improves outcome. Using standard ultrasound (US) an AAA can be accurately diagnosed or ruled-out. However, this requires training and bulk equipment.

A KLM-circuit model of a multi-layer transducer for acoustic bladder volume measurements.

In a preceding study a new technique to non-invasively measure the bladder volume on the basis of non-linear wave propagation was validated. It was shown that the harmonic level generated at the posterior bladder wall increases for larger bladder volumes. A dedicated transducer is needed to further verify and implement this approach.

Noninvasive bladder volume measurements based on nonlinear wave distortion.

The purpose of this study is to suggest a new approach to measure noninvasively the fluid content of a human cavity; in particular, the bladder volume. Determination of bladder volume is important clinically for patients suffering from bladder dysfunction. Several ultrasonic methods were proposed in the past for such a purpose.

Bladder volume measurements with a limited number of fixed ultrasound beams.

Over the past 30 years, various ultrasonic methods have been suggested to measure bladder volume. Ultrasound (US) represents a noninvasive and simple way to assess such volumes. Bladder volumes are usually estimated from cross-sectional planes obtained with instruments using full imaging capabilities, but their accuracy remains limited.

Morphological and mechanical information of coronary arteries obtained with intravascular elastography; feasibility study in vivo.

Aims: Plaque composition is a major determinant of coronary related clinical syndromes. In vitro experiments on human coronary and femoral arteries have demonstrated that different plaque types were detectable with intravascular ultrasound elastography. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying intravascular elastography during interventional catheterization procedures.

Advancing intravascular ultrasonic palpation toward clinical applications.

This paper describes the first reported attempt to develop a real-time intravascular ultrasonic palpation system. We also report on our first experience in the catherization laboratory with this new elastographic imaging technique. The prototype system was based on commercially available intravascular ultrasound (US) scanner that was equipped with a 20-MHz array catheter.

New technique for emboli detection and discrimination based on nonlinear characteristics of gas bubbles.

Detection and characterization of emboli in the blood stream is of high clinical importance for making decisions after surgery. In this study, a new technique based on the nonlinear oscillations of gas bubbles was applied to gaseous emboli detection, characterization and sizing. To simulate gaseous emboli, an experimental system was developed to produce air bubbles of uniform diameters ranging from 19 microm up to 200 microm.

On the IVUS plaque volume error in coronary arteries when neglecting curvature.

Plaque volume determined by common linear 3-D IVUS analysis systems will show under- or overestimation in curved vessel segments because these systems approximate the true 3-D transducer pull-back trajectory by a straight line. We developed a mathematical model that showed that the error is primarily dependent on the curvature of the pull-back trajectory and not on vessel tortuosity. Furthermore, we measured this error in vivo in the coronary arteries of 15 patients, comparing the plaque volume using a true 3-D reconstruction method with that of the linear approach.

Reproducibility of calcified lesion quantification: a longitudinal intravascular ultrasound study.

In view of a prospective intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) study, the reproducibility of the extent of the calcified lesion in IVUS images derived from separate pull-back maneuvers was assessed. Patients (n = 34) were imaged with IVUS before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and at 1-y follow-up. In the presence of a calcified lesion, the largest arc and the length of the matched calcified lesions was assessed.

Three-dimensional echocardiography paves the way toward virtual reality.

The heart is a three-dimensional (3-D) object and, with the help of 3-D echocardiography (3-DE), it can be shown in a realistic fashion. This capability decreases variability in the interpretation of complex pathology among investigators. Therefore, it is likely that the method will become the standard echocardiography examination in the future.

Effect of simvastatin on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of femoropopliteal arterial obstruction.

This retrospective observational intravascular ultrasound study evaluated whether simvastatin therapy limits lumen area reduction 1-year after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) by reducing reactive plaque growth, reducing reactive vasoconstriction, or both. This study showed that plaque growth is a general response 1 year after PTA regardless of the use of simvastatin; simvastatin has the potential to induce positive vascular remodeling, thereby reducing the occurrence of restenosis.