Innovations in Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Reactive Oxygen Species: Applications and Radiopharmaceuticals.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during normal cellular energy production and play a critical role in maintaining cellular function. However, excessive ROS can damage cells and tissues, contributing to the development of diseases such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the potential of nuclear medicine imaging techniques for detecting ROS and evaluates various radiopharmaceuticals used in these applications.

The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Ischemic Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest: An Assessment Using F-FDG PET.

Purpose: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is widely acknowledged as one of the interventions for preventing hypoxic ischemic brain injury in comatose patients following cardiac arrest (CA). Despite its recognized efficacy, recent debates have questioned its effectiveness. This preclinical study evaluated the impact of TH on brain glucose metabolism, utilizing fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in a rat model of CA.

Age and gender effects on striatal dopamine transporter density and cerebral perfusion in individuals with non-degenerative parkinsonism: a dual-phase F-FP-CIT PET study.

Background: Dual-phase fluorine-18 labeled N-3-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (F-FP-CIT) positron emission tomography (PET) scans could be used to support disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cerebral perfusion are associated with ageing and gender. We investigated the effects of age and gender on non-degenerative parkinsonism, using automated quantification in striatum: specific binding ratios (SBRs) for DAT binding in delayed phase PET (dCIT) and standardized-uptake-value ratios (SUVRs) for cerebral perfusion in early phase PET (eCIT).

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of paclitaxel, albumin-binding paclitaxel, and liposomal-encapsulated albumin-binding paclitaxel upon gastric subserosal administration.

Systemic chemotherapy is typically administered following radical gastrectomy for advanced stage. To attenuate systemic side effects, we evaluated the effectiveness of regional chemotherapy using paclitaxel, albumin-paclitaxel, and liposome-encapsulated albumin-paclitaxel via subserosal injection in rat models employing nuclear medicine and molecular imaging technology. Nine Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: paclitaxel ( = 3), albumin-paclitaxel nano-particles (APNs; = 3), and liposome-encapsulated APNs ( = 3).

Application of TSPO-Specific Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer as an Early Indicator of Acute Liver Failure Induced by Propacetamol, a Prodrug of Paracetamol.

Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF), and effective treatment depends on early prediction of disease progression. ALF diagnosis currently requires blood collection 24-72 h after APAP ingestion, necessitating repeated tests and hospitalization. Here, we assessed earlier ALF diagnosis using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of translocator proteins (TSPOs), which are involved in molecular transport, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, with the radiotracer [F]GE180.

Radiopharmaceuticals for Skeletal Muscle PET Imaging.

The skeletal muscles account for approximately 40% of the body weight and are crucial in movement, nutrient absorption, and energy metabolism. Muscle loss and decline in function cause a decrease in the quality of life of patients and the elderly, leading to complications that require early diagnosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) offers non-invasive, high-resolution visualization of tissues.

Physicochemical Changes in Root-Canal Sealers under Thermal Challenge: A Comparative Analysis of Calcium Silicate- and Epoxy-Resin-Based Sealers.

Introduction: We compared the effects of heat on the physicochemical properties of recently developed calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs), including BioRoot Flow, BioRoot RCS, and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer, with those of the epoxy-resin-based sealer (ERBS) AH Plus.

Methods: The flow, film thickness, setting time, and solubility of sealers were evaluated at 37 °C and 100 °C using ISO 6876/2012. Furthermore, pH and calcium ion release were evaluated at these temperatures.

Predicting early endodontic treatment failure following primary root canal treatment.

Background: Understanding when and why endodontic treatments fail could help clinicians make prognoses and thus improve treatment outcomes. This study was aimed to assess potential predictors of early endodontic treatment failure. We explored factors contributing to the failure of initial root canal treatment were explored, with a specific emphasis on evaluating the influence of the time elapsed since the initial treatment.

Efficacy and safety of once weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management in a predominantly east Asian population with overweight or obesity (STEP 7): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Data on the benefits of the once weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management in people from east Asia are insufficient. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of once weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg versus placebo for weight management in a predominantly east Asian adult population.

Methods: This randomised phase 3a, double-blind multicentre controlled trial (STEP 7) recruited participants from 23 hospitals and trial centres in China, Hong Kong, Brazil, and South Korea.

Saengmaeksan, a traditional polyherbal formulation containing Panax ginseng, improves energy metabolism during exercise.

Saengmaeksan (SMS), a representative oriental medicine that contains Panax ginseng Meyer, Liriope muscari, and Schisandra chinensis (1:2:1), is used to improve body vitality and enhance physical activity. However, there is limited scientific evidence to validate the benefits of SMS. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo regulatory effects of SMS and its constituents on energy metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Obesity in Children and Adolescents: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been gradually increasing in recent years and has become a major health problem. Childhood obesity can readily progress to adult obesity. It is associated with obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Efficacy of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in predicting surgical outcomes of lymphaticovenous anastomosis in lower extremity lymphedema: Clinical correlations in gynecological cancer-related lymphedema.

Background: Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) is a promising microsurgical treatment for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). Lymphoscintigraphy effectively assesses lower limb lymphatic systems before LVA, but its role in predicting the therapeutic outcomes of LVA is indeterminate. In this study we investigate the efficacy of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy using clinical findings to predict outcomes in gynecological cancer-related LEL patients who underwent LVA.

Particulated autologous cartilage transplantation for the treatment of osteochondral lesion of the talus: can the lesion cartilage be recycled?

Aims: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are a common cause of disability and chronic ankle pain. Many operative treatment strategies have been introduced; however, they have their own disadvantages. Recently lesion repair using autologous cartilage chip has emerged therefore we investigated the efficacy of particulated autologous cartilage transplantation (PACT) in OLT.

Value of Quantitative Salivary Gland SPECT/CT for the Detection of Saliva Leakage.

A 47-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with a 10-day history of pain, halitosis, and swelling below the left jaw. The patient was diagnosed with left sialadenitis and left submandibular abscess by tissue biopsy. An otolaryngologist performed transcervical incision and drainage of the abscess 1 day after admission.

The added value of SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy in the initial assessment of secondary extremity lymphedema patients.

An added value of SPECT/CT over planar lymphoscintigraphy for initial staging in patients with secondary extremity lymphedema was investigated. Furthermore, we developed a hybrid SPECT/CT classification combining dermal backflow (DBF) of SPECT and honeycomb pattern (HP) of CT, correlated it with lymphoscintigraphic staging and clinical severity. Forty-one patients with secondary extremity lymphedema who underwent lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT/CT were included retrospectively.

Discordance in Secular Trends of Bone Mineral Density Measurements in Different Ages of Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Age-adjusted bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women decreases in developed countries whereas incidence of osteoporotic fracture decreases or remains stable. We investigated secular trends of bone density from 2008 to 2017 among different age groups of postmenopausal women.

Methods: We analyzed BMD data obtained from health check-ups of 4,905 postmenopausal women during three survey cycles from 2008 to 2017.

Osteochondral Repair with Autologous Cartilage Transplantation with or without Bone Grafting: A Short Pilot Study in Mini-Pigs.

Objective: Treatment strategies for osteochondral defects, for which particulated autologous cartilage transplantation (PACT) is an emerging treatment strategy, aim to restore the structure and function of the hyaline cartilage. Herein, we compared the efficacy of PACT with control or human transforming growth factor-β (rhTGF-β), and clarified the necessity of bone graft (BG) with PACT to treat shallow osteochondral defects in a porcine model.

Design: Two skeletally mature male micropigs received 4 osteochondral defects in each knee.

Factors influencing successful bone union of isolated subtalar arthrodesis for posttraumatic subtalar arthritis: a multicenter case series.

Background: The purpose of this study was to find the factors influencing successful bone union for isolated subtalar arthrodesis in posttraumatic subtalar arthritis following calcaneal fracture.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the rate of successful bone union of 119 cases of isolated subtalar arthrodesis for posttraumatic subtalar arthritis performed at five university hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find the factors associated with successful bone union.

Generalizing Thiele equation.

We generalize the Thiele equation with a transverse velocity to the skyrmion motion described by the collective coordinate of magnetization vector. It is applied to investigate a significant disparity in the existing data sets of skyrmion and antiskyrmion Hall angles. Our analysis further reveals interesting differences of these Hall angles near the angular momentum compensation point.

Salivary Gland Uptake on F-FP-CIT PET as a New Biomarker in Patients With Parkinsonism.

Objective: F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography (PET) is known for its high sensitivity and specificity for evaluating striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. Recently, for the early diagnose of Parkinson's disease, many researchers focused on the diagnosis of synucleinopathy in organs involved in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. We investigated the feasibility of salivary gland uptake on F-FP-CIT PET as a new biomarker in patients with parkinsonism.

Diagnosis of Obesity: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity has consistently increased worldwide, and many obesity-related diseases are emerging as major health problems. Body mass index (BMI) is used to define obesity and is highly correlated with body fat mass. Moreover, obesity-related morbidities increase linearly with the increase in BMI.

Diagnosis of Obesity: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity has consistently increased worldwide, and many obesity-related diseases are emerging as major health problems. Body mass index (BMI) is used to define obesity and is highly correlated with body fat mass. Moreover, obesity-related morbidities increase linearly with the increase in BMI.

In vivo tissue pharmacokinetics of ERBB2-specific binding oligonucleotide-based drugs by PET imaging.

Although aptamers have shown excellent target specificity in preclinical and clinical studies either by themselves or as aptamer-drug conjugates, their in vivo tissue pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis is still problematic. We aimed to examine the utility of image-based positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate in vivo tissue PK, target specificity, and applicability of oligonucleotides. For this, fluorine-18-labeled aptamers with erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2)-specific binding were synthesized by base-pair hybridization using a complementary oligonucleotide platform.

Clinical Impact of SPECT/CT in Evaluation of Abdominothoracic Fistula.

Abdominothoracic fistula is rarely observed but can be life-threatening. Pleuroperitoneal communication, known to occur in 1.6% of all patients who undergo continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, is an uncommon but well-recognized complication.