Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Tar-Rich Coal with a Bauxite Residue for Upgrading High-Value Products: Product Distribution and Kinetic Analysis.

Fast pyrolysis technology can reduce the secondary reactions, improve the volatile product yield, and reduce the semicoke yield. Still, the high proportion of heavy tar components affects the development of fast pyrolysis industrialization. Therefore, this paper put forward a catalytic upgrading method of coal based on the solid waste bauxite residue (BR) as a catalyst.

Manifold Learning-Based Common Spatial Pattern for EEG Signal Classification.

EEG signal classification using Riemannian manifolds has shown great potential. However, the huge computational cost associated with Riemannian metrics poses challenges for applying Riemannian methods, particularly in high-dimensional feature data. To address these, we propose an efficient ensemble method called MLCSP-TSE-MLP, which aims to reduce the computational cost while achieving superior performance.

Autophagy and Inflammation: Regulatory Roles in Viral Infections.

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway in eukaryotic organisms, playing an adaptive role in various pathophysiological processes throughout evolution. Inflammation is the immune system's response to external stimuli and tissue damage. However, persistent inflammatory reactions can lead to a range of inflammatory diseases and cancers.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Underground Pyrolysis of Tar-Rich Coal: Primary Reactions.

underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal is significant for alleviating the scarcity of oil and gas resources and realizing the green and efficient development and utilization of coal in China. Tar-rich coal is often subjected to high axial pressure, surrounding pressure, and pore pressure in the underground pyrolysis environment. Consequently, laboratory simulation conditions are difficult to meet the actual needs.

Thermodynamic Analysis on Underground Pyrolysis of Tar-Rich Coal: Secondary Reactions.

To develop the underground pyrolysis process of tar-rich coal more scientifically, the effect of temperature and pressure on the distribution of pyrolysis products should be clarified. This paper selected the typical components in five distillates of light tar, phenol tar, naphthalene tar, washing tar, and anthracene tar as the main reaction products. 32 typical secondary reactions were constructed.

Unravel the regulatory mechanism of Yrr1p phosphorylation in response to vanillin stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Improving the resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to vanillin, derived from lignin, will benefit the design of robust cell factories for lignocellulosic biorefining. The transcription factor Yrr1p mediates S. cerevisiae resistance to various compounds.

Exploring the Dehydrogenation Reaction Pathway of Perhydro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons over the Pt/AlO Catalyst as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers by In Situ DRIFT.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been paid more attention as liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) because of their high hydrogen storage, easy transportation, low price, and other advantages. Dehydrogenation is the key point of the PAH hydrogen storage. However, the dehydrogenation reaction rate of perhydro-PAHs is slow, and their pathway is still not clear.

Capture Hi-C reveals the influence on dynamic three-dimensional chromosome organization perturbed by genetic variation or vanillin stress in .

Studying the mechanisms of resistance to vanillin in microorganisms, which is derived from lignin and blocks a major pathway of DNA double-strand break repair in yeast, will benefit the design of robust cell factories that produce biofuels and chemicals using lignocellulosic materials. A high vanillin-tolerant strain EMV-8 carrying site mutations compared to its parent strain NAN-27 was selected for the analyses. The dynamics of the chromatin structure of eukaryotic cells play a critical role in transcription and the regulation of gene expression and thus the phenotype.

Zwitterionic Covalent Organic Frameworks: Attractive Porous Host for Gas Separation and Anhydrous Proton Conduction.

Ionic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) consisting of an anionic or cationic skeleton and corresponding counterions have demonstrated great potential in many application fields such as ion conduction, molecular separation, and catalysis. However, arranging anionic and cationic groups into the same COF to form zwitterionic materials is still unexplored. Herein we design the synthesis of three zwitterionic COFs as attractive porous hosts for SO/CO separation and anhydrous proton conduction.

Proteomic analysis revealed the roles of YRR1 deletion in enhancing the vanillin resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: Vanillin is one of the important phenolic inhibitors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials and has been reported to inhibit the translation process in cells. In our previous studies, it was confirmed that the deletion of the transcription factor gene YRR1 enhanced vanillin resistance by promoting some translation-related processes at the transcription level. In this work, we investigated the effects of proteomic changes upon induction of vanillin stress and deletion of YRR1 to provide unique perspectives from a transcriptome analysis for comprehending the mechanisms of YRR1 deletion in the protective response of yeast to vanillin.

Few-Layer Boron Nitride with Engineered Nitrogen Vacancies for Promoting Conversion of Polysulfide as a Cathode Matrix for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have become one of the most promising candidates as next-generation batteries, owing to their high specific capacity, low cost, and environmental benignity. Although many strategies have been proposed to restrain the shuttle of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) through physical trapping and chemical binding, the sluggish kinetics of PS conversion still degrade the capacity, rate, and cycling performance of Li-S batteries. Herein, a novel kind of few-layer BN with engineered nitrogen vacancies (v-BN) has been developed as a cathode matrix for Li-S batteries.

High-Charge Density Polymerized Ionic Networks Boosting High Ionic Conductivity as Quasi-Solid Electrolytes for High-Voltage Batteries.

Solid-state electrolytes are actively sought for their potential application in energy storage devices, especially lithium metal rechargeable batteries. However, one of the key challenges in the development of solid-state electrolytes is their lower ionic conductivity compared with that of liquid electrolytes (10 S cm at room temperature), where a large gap still exists. Therefore, the pursuit of high ionic conductivity equal to that of liquid electrolytes remains the main objective for the design of solid-state electrolytes.

Enhanced Cycling Performance for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries by a Laminated 2D g-C N /Graphene Cathode Interlayer.

Decay in electrochemical performance resulting from the "shuttle effect" of dissolved lithium polysulfides is one of the biggest obstacles for the realization of practical applications of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. To meet this challenge, a 2D g-C N /graphene sheet composite (g-C N /GS) was fabricated as an interlayer for a sulfur/carbon (S/KB) cathode. It forms a laminated structure of channels to trap polysulfides by physical and chemical interactions.

Tungsten Carbide and Cobalt Modified Nickel Nanoparticles Supported on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Urea Oxidation in Alkaline Electrolyte.

The tungsten carbide and cobalt-modified Ni-based catalyst [Ni-Co-WC/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)], synthesized through a sequential impregnation method, was evaluated for the urea electrooxidation in alkaline electrolyte to reduce the overpotential and increase the current density simultaneously. The as-prepared Ni-Co-WC/MWCNTs catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy-EDX, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Characterization results indicate that Ni, Co, and WC nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the MWCNTs.

Co-pyrolysis behavior of microalgae biomass and low-rank coal: Kinetic analysis of the main volatile products.

This work studied the kinetic characteristics of volatile products from co-pyrolysis of microalgae and low-rank coal. Iso-conversional method was applied to calculate the reaction order, activation energy and pre-exponential factor of gaseous products (H, CO, CH and CO) and benzene. The results indicated the activation energy of H generating from both individual and mixing samples was the highest, meaning H was the hardest to generate during the pyrolysis process.

On-line analysis on the interaction between organic compounds from co-pyrolysis of microalgae and low-rank coal: Thermal behavior and kinetic characteristics.

The interaction between organic compounds from microalgae and low-rank coal during the co-pyrolysis process was explored via thermogravimetric analyzer combined with an online mass spectrometer. The influence of Glycine (GLE) on thermal behavior and kinetic characteristics from gaseous products generation of mixtures of acid washed low-rank coal (ALC) were investigated. Positive and negative synergistic effects from the pyrolysis parameters and products distribution were observed due to the interaction between GLE and ALC.

Degradation of organic wastewater by hydrodynamic cavitation combined with acoustic cavitation.

In this paper, the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) by hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), acoustic cavitation (AC) and the combination of these individual methods (HAC) have been investigated. The degradation of 20 L RhB aqueous solution was carried out in a self-designed HAC reactor, where hydrodynamic cavitation and acoustic cavitation could take place in the same space simultaneously. The effects of initial concentration, inlet pressure, solution temperature and ultrasonic power were studied and discussed.

Co-pyrolysis behavior of microalgae biomass and low-quality coal: Products distributions, char-surface morphology, and synergistic effects.

In this work, the distributions and releasing properties of the primary volatile products during co-pyrolysis of low-rank coal and green algae (GA) has been studied using fixed-bed reactor with online mass spectrometry. Surface morphology of the char was described quantitatively by SEM combined with fractal theory. Different forms of synergistic effects existed from both the yields of products and composition of the main gaseous products.

Bimetallic Rh-Fe catalysts for NO decomposition: effects of surface structures on catalytic activity.

Well-homogenized RhFe alloy nanoparticles and core-shell structured Fe@Rh nanoparticles were highly dispersed on SBA-15 and then applied to NO catalytic conversion. Compared to RhFe/SBA-15, Fe@Rh/SBA-15 showed a higher catalytic activity for NO decomposition. This is because the Rh layers covering the Fe core were able to protect against oxidization and so Fe@Rh/SBA-15 was prevented from deactivating.

Thermal characteristics and surface morphology of char during co-pyrolysis of low-rank coal blended with microalgal biomass: Effects of Nannochloropsis and Chlorella.

In this work, the influence of Nannochloropsis and Chlorella on the thermal behavior and surface morphology of char during the co-pyrolysis process were explored. Thermogravimetric and iso-conversional methods were applied to analyzing the pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics for different mass ratios of microalgae and low-rank coal (0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 1). Fractal theory was used to quantitatively determine the effect of microalgae on the morphological texture of co-pyrolysis char.

Graphene-Analogues Boron Nitride Nanosheets Confining Ionic Liquids: A High-Performance Quasi-Liquid Solid Electrolyte.

Solid electrolytes are one of the most promising electrolyte systems for safe lithium batteries, but the low ionic conductivity of these electrolytes seriously hinders the development of efficient lithium batteries. Here, a novel class of graphene-analogues boron nitride (g-BN) nanosheets confining an ultrahigh concentration of ionic liquids (ILs) in an interlayer and out-of-layer chamber to give rise to a quasi-liquid solid electrolyte (QLSE) is reported. The electron-insulated g-BN nanosheet host with a large specific surface area can confine ILs as much as 10 times of the host's weight to afford high ionic conductivity (3.

Low loadings of platinum on transition metal carbides for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions in alkaline electrolytes.

Low-loadings of Pt supported over six transition metal carbide (Pt/TMC) powder catalysts were synthesized and evaluated for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions in an alkaline electrolyte. The roughness factor of each Pt/TMC catalyst was different, indicating that the carbide supports affect the dispersion of Pt. Furthermore, when normalized by the corresponding roughness factors, all Pt/TMC catalysts were found to have similar intrinsic activities that were comparable to the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts.

Polymerized Ionic Networks with High Charge Density: Quasi-Solid Electrolytes in Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Polymerized ionic networks (PINs) with six ion pairs per repeating unit are synthesized by nucleophilic-substitution-mediated polymerization or radical polymerization of monomers bearing six 1-vinylimidazolium cations. PIN-based solid-like electrolytes show good ionic conductivities (up to 5.32 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 22°C), wide electrochemical stability windows (up to 5.

A novel Ni-WC/AC catalyst with enhanced electroactivity for glucose oxidation.

WC-doped Ni over an active carbon catalyst (Ni-WC/AC), prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, is proposed as an anode for the amplified electrochemical oxidation of glucose in 0.1 M KOH solution. Cyclic voltammetry and morphology characterizations were used to explore these electrocatalysts.

Kinetics for the hydrogen-abstraction of CH4 with NO2.

The detailed mechanism of the NO(2)+CH(4) reaction has been computationally investigated at the M06-2X/MG3S, B3LYP/6-311G(2d,d,p), and MP2/6-311+G(2df,p) levels. The direct dynamics calculations were preformed using canonical transition state theory with tunneling correction and scaled generalized normal-mode frequencies including anharmonic torsion. The calculated results indicate that the NO(2)+CH(4) reaction proceeds by three distinct channels simultaneously, leading to the formation of trans-HONO (1a), cis-HONO (1b), and HNO(2) (1c), and each channel involves the formation of intermediate having lower energy than the final product.