Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD.

Background: Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Diagnosis of ARND is difficult because individuals do not demonstrate the characteristic facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different.

Symmetry of the fornix using diffusion tensor imaging.

Purpose: To: 1) Present fornix tractography in its entirety for 20 healthy individuals to assess variability. 2) Provide individual and groupwise whole tract diffusion parameter symmetry assessments prior to clinical application. 3) Compare whole tract diffusion parameter assessments with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS).

Tractography of Meyer's Loop asymmetries.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to conduct tractography of the optic radiations (OR) and its component bundles and to assess both the degree of hemispheric asymmetry and the inter-subject variability of Meyer's Loop (ML). We hypothesized that there are significant left versus right differences in the anterior extent of ML to the temporal pole (TP) in healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: DTI data were acquired on a 3T Siemens MRI system using a single-shot Spin Echo EPI sequence.

Comparison of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and those diagnosed with ADHD; A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), but individuals do not demonstrate the facial characteristics associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), making diagnosis difficult. While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different.

Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a working memory (1-back) task of 63 children, 10 to 14 years old, diagnosed with ARND and ADHD, as well as typically developing (TD) controls, was conducted at 3 T.

Detection versus location judgments in a hidden pattern task: functional MRI and behavioral correlates.

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess cortical involvement in a hidden pattern task. The experimental and control conditions involved judgment of the presence/absence versus the position of a complex pattern. Activation specific to hidden pattern identification was concentrated on frontal, dorsal parietal, and mesolimbic cortex.

ERP assessment of functional status in the temporal lobe: examining spatiotemporal correlates of object recognition.

We have previously used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess specific anterolateral temporal regions involved in object recognition, providing a novel technique for evaluating functional status in temporal lobe epilepsy (i.e., a site directed approach).

A site directed fMRI approach for evaluating functional status in the anterolateral temporal lobes.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly being used for neurosurgical planning. One potential application relates to identifying eloquent cortex in regions immediately adjacent to epileptogenic foci in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). While medial temporal structures, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, are typically removed during surgery, it is often difficult to determine whether nearby cortical regions in the anterolateral temporal lobe should be spared.

Cortical involvement in visual scan in the monkey.

Monkeys performed a visual search task for food reward. Green square targets were embedded in 3 x 3 arrays of colored forms. In distinct-feature arrays, all nontarget stimuli were red diamonds, whereas in shared-feature arrays, some nontarget stimuli shared either form (red square) or color (green diamond) with the target.