The fentanyl made me feel like I needed more methadone": changes in the role and use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) due to fentanyl.

Background: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues have disrupted the illicit drug supply through contamination of other substances (i.e., methamphetamine and cocaine) and replacement of heroin in illicit markets.

Tools for the Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Context: Correct diagnosis is essential for the appropriate clinical management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.

Objective: This systematic review provides an overview of the available diagnostic tools.

Data Sources: We identified diagnostic accuracy studies in 12 databases published from 1980 through June 2023.

Treatments for ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Context: Effective treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is essential to improving youth outcomes.

Objectives: This systematic review provides an overview of the available treatment options.

Data Sources: We identified controlled treatment evaluations in 12 databases published from 1980 to June 2023; treatments were not restricted by intervention content.

Characterizing Opioid Withdrawal Experiences and Consequences Among a Community Sample of People Who Use Opioids.

Background: Opioid withdrawal symptoms are a highly salient and consequential health condition experienced by people who use opioids (PWUO). This study utilized qualitative interviews to explore opioid withdrawal experiences and consequences among PWUO in Los Angeles County, USA.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 PWUO (aged 27-63 years) between May 2021 and May 2022.

Caring for high-need patients.

Objective: We aimed to explore the construct of "high need" and identify common need domains among high-need patients, their care professionals, and healthcare organizations; and to describe the interventions that health care systems use to address these needs, including exploring the potential unintended consequences of interventions.

Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi panel informed by an environmental scan. Expert stakeholders included patients, interdisciplinary healthcare practitioners (physicians, social workers, peer navigators), implementation scientists, and policy makers.

Multiple chemical sensitivity scoping review protocol: overview of research and MCS construct.

Introduction: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) has been characterised by reported adverse responses to environmental exposures of common chemical agents (eg, perfumes, paint, cleaning products and other inhaled or ingested agents) in low doses considered non-toxic for the general population. There is currently no consensus on whether MCS can be established as a distinct disorder.

Methods And Analysis: The scoping review of the literature will be guided by five questions: How is MCS defined and which diagnostic criteria have been proposed? What methods are used to report prevalence and incidence estimates of MCS? What are the characteristics of the body of scientific evidence that addresses whether MCS is a distinct disorder or syndrome? What underlying mechanisms for MCS have been proposed in the scientific literature? Which treatment and management approaches for MCS have been evaluated in empirical research studies? We will conduct a comprehensive search in 14 research databases.

Disparities in pediatric cancer survivorship care: A systematic review.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience many long-term health problems that can be mitigated with recommended survivorship care. However, many CCS do not have access to survivorship care nor receive recommended survivorship care. We reviewed the empirical evidence of disparities in survivorship care for CCS.

Antioxidant system alterations and physiological characteristics of neonatal and juvenile DAT-KO rats.

Dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats represent a valuable rodent model for studying the molecular and phenotypical outcomes of the effects of excessive dopamine accumulation in the synaptic cleft and the prolonged action of dopamine on neurons. Animals with DAT deficiency are characterized by hyperactivity, stereotypy, cognitive deficits, and impairments in behavioral and biochemical indicators. Several key pathophysiological mechanisms are known to be common to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and other diseases.

Systematic review and quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of interventions to address HIV-related stigma and discrimination.

A strong global commitment exists to eliminate HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and multiple strategies to reduce or eliminate stigma and discrimination have been tried. Using a PICOTS framework and applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, we undertook a systematic review to determine the success of interventions aiming to address internalized stigma, stigma and discrimination in healthcare, and at the legal or policy level, and to identify their critical success factors. Random effects meta-analyses summarized results wherever possible.

Care coordination across healthcare systems: development of a research agenda, implications for practice, and recommendations for policy based on a modified Delphi panel.

Objective: For large, integrated healthcare delivery systems, coordinating patient care across delivery systems with providers external to the system presents challenges. We explored the domains and requirements for care coordination by professionals across healthcare systems and developed an agenda for research, practice and policy.

Design: The modified Delphi approach convened a 2-day stakeholder panel with moderated virtual discussions, preceded and followed by online surveys.

Effect of Didactic Training on Barriers and Biases to Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Meeting the Ongoing Needs of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder in the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In the wake of COVID-19, morbidity and mortality due to Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is beginning to emerge as a second wave of deaths of despair. Medication assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder MAT delivered by Emergency Medicine (EM) providers can decrease mortality due to OUD; however, there are numerous cited barriers to MAT delivery. We examined the impact of MAT training on these barriers among EM residents in an urban, tertiary care facility with a large EM residency.

A qualitative analysis of internal medicine residents' experience with substance use disorder education and training: a pilot study.

Background: Lack of education and training on caring for patients with substance use disorder (SUD) is common among healthcare providers, often resulting in clinicians feeling unprepared to treat patients with SUD.

Objectives: This study explored resident physicians' experiences with SUD education throughout medical school and residency and qualitatively evaluated whether a SUD initiative improved resident's knowledge and efficacy of treating various SUDs.

Methods: We implemented a brief (seven hours total) educational initiative focused on treating SUDs virtually over the course of an academic year for residents enrolled in the University of Southern California Internal Medicine Residency program.

Evidence-Based Quality Improvement: a Scoping Review of the Literature.

Background: Quality improvement (QI) initiatives often reflect approaches based on anecdotal evidence, but it is unclear how initiatives can best incorporate scientific literature and methods into the QI process. Review of studies of QI initiatives that aim to systematically incorporate evidence review (termed evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI)) may provide a basis for further methodological development.

Methods: In this scoping review (registration: https://osf.

Frameworks and measures for HIV-related internalized stigma, stigma and discrimination in healthcare and in laws and policies: a systematic review.

Introduction: There is strong global commitment to eliminate HIV-related stigma, and work in this area continues to evolve. Wide variation exists in frameworks and measures used.

Methods: Building on the existing knowledge syntheses, we carried out a systematic review to identify frameworks and measures aiming to understand or assess internalized stigma, stigma and discrimination in healthcare, and in law and policy.

Buprenorphine and naloxone access in pharmacies within high overdose areas of Los Angeles during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Buprenorphine and naloxone are first-line medications for people who use opioids (PWUO). Buprenorphine can reduce opioid use and cravings, help withdrawal symptoms, and reduce risk of opioid overdose. Naloxone is a life-saving medication that can be administered to reverse an opioid overdose.

Correction: Semenova et al. Physiological and Genomic Characterization of sp. nov. from Oil-Degrading Methanogenic Enrichment and Reclassification of the Family 2022, 378.

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...

Predictors of protein intake among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California.

Background And Objectives: While inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system and lead to negative health sequelae for vulnerable populations, little is known about nutritional intake among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to quantify nutritional intake among PWID and to explore associations between protein intake and drug use.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to analyze self-reported participant data.

Quality Indicators for High-Need Patients: a Systematic Review.

Background: Healthcare systems are increasingly implementing programs for high-need patients, who often have multiple chronic conditions and complex social situations. Little, however, is known about quality indicators that might guide healthcare organizations and providers in improving care for high-need patients. We sought to conduct a systematic review to identify potential quality indicators for high-need patients.

Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Cats with Intestinal Dysbiosis of Varying Severity.

Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in various animal species. There are only limited data on the microbiome in cats with varying grades of dysbiosis. The purpose of the study was a detailed analysis of the quantitative and qualitative fecal microbiota spectrum in cats with intestinal dysbiosis of varying severity.

Physiological and Genomic Characterization of sp. nov. from Oil-Degrading Methanogenic Enrichment and Reclassification of the Family .

The goal of the present work was to determine the diversity of prokaryotes involved in anaerobic oil degradation in oil fields. The composition of the anaerobic oil-degrading methanogenic enrichment obtained from an oil reservoir was determined by 16S rRNA-based survey, and the facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotrophic bacterial strain HO-Ch2 was isolated and studied using polyphasic taxonomy approach and genome sequencing. The strain HO-Ch2 grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 8.

Frameworks, measures, and interventions for HIV-related internalised stigma and stigma in healthcare and laws and policies: systematic review protocol.

Introduction: There is strong global commitment to eliminate HIV-related stigma. Wide variation exists in frameworks and measures, and many strategies to prevent, reduce or mitigate stigma have been proposed but critical factors determining success or failure remain elusive.

Methods And Analysis: Building on existing knowledge syntheses, we designed a systematic review to identify frameworks, measures and intervention evaluations aiming to address internalised stigma, stigma and discrimination in healthcare, and stigma and discrimination at the legal or policy level.

Marijuana use and perinatal outcomes in obstetric patients at a safety net hospital.

Objective: To characterize the association between antepartum marijuana exposure and maternal and neonatal outcomes at our institution.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review identified an obstetric cohort of singleton gestations. Women with self-reported marijuana use were compared with non-users.

Interventions to address disparities and barriers to pediatric cancer survivorship care: a scoping review.

Purpose: Many childhood cancer survivors experience disparities due to barriers to recommended survivorship care. With an aim to demonstrate evidence-based approaches to alleviate barriers and decrease disparities, we conducted a scoping review of (1) proposed strategies and (2) evaluated interventions for improving pediatric cancer survivorship care.

Methods: We searched research databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO), research registries, and grey literature (websites of professional organizations and guideline clearing houses) for guidelines and published studies available through October 2020 (scoping review registration: https://doi.

Allocation of scarce resources in a pandemic: rapid systematic review update of strategies for policymakers.

Objective: In pandemics like COVID-19, the need for medical resources quickly outpaces available supply. policymakers need strategies to inform decisions about allocating scarce resources.

Study Design And Setting: We updated a systematic review on evidence-based approaches and searched databases through May 2020 for evaluation of strategies for policymakers.