[An evaluation of the epidemiological and immunological efficacy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of diphtheria and tetanus].

The extensive use of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid with reduced antigen content was found to be ineffective in the prophylaxis of diphtheria: 86.3% of diphtheria patients among those who had been immunized with this preparation fell only a year after the first booster immunization, and the proportion of those who proved to be unprotected against diphtheria on years 3, 4 and 5 after immunization reached, respectively, 21.0%, 35.

[A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of methods for serological sampling examinations].

Blood serum samples of 3,448 schoolchildren of grades 1-10 in 35 schools of Dushanbe were examined in the passive hemagglutination test in 1988 and 1989. The proportion of persons unprotected against diphtheria and tetanus was estimated by common methods in different kinds of selective serologic survey: mass screening (43.4-83.

[The cytochemical marking of lymphocyte subpopulations in determining the immunoreactivity status of children vaccinated with a live measles vaccine].

In 54 children aged 1.5-2 years, immunized with the same batch of live measles vaccine prepared from strain, the relative and absolute numbers of different lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in parallel by means of two cytochemical reactions: for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase in their dynamics. According to the data obtained in these reactions, the determination of lymphocyte subpopulations by two cytochemical methods in the same blood sample yielded similar results indicating that immunization with attenuated measles virus strain induced a rise in the number or zero lymphocytes and was accompanied by the decrease of the immunoregulatory index (T-helper/T-suppressor ratio), most pronounced in children with a high level of antibody formation.

[The results of an immunoepidemiological examination of foci of epidemic parotitis].

The immunoepidemiological survey of 54 foci of epidemic parotitis showed that the epidemiological effectiveness index at preschool institutions, equal to 2.7, was essentially higher than at schools (2.1).

[The duration and strength of postvaccinal measles immunity].

A prolonged immunoepidemiological follow-up of a large group of children immunized against measles revealed a high epidemiological efficacy of a single vaccination. Cases of measles were registered only among those vaccinees in whose blood sera no specific hemagglutinins were detectable by titration with 4 hemagglutinating units of measles antigen prior to the disease. The study showed that groups of children seronegative with respect to measles appeared, as a rule, after unsatisfactory immunization and not due to loss of postvaccinal immunity with time.

[The duration and intensity of measles immunity after a repeat inoculation against this infection].

Controlled study lasting 6 years showed that booster immunization against measles was highly effective in children remaining seronegative, i. e. susceptible to this infection, after primary immunization: E = 97.

[The dynamics of the T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the peroxidase activity of the neutrophils in children immunized with a live mumps vaccine].

The amount of T-helpers and T-suppressors and the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio were determined in 30 practically healthy children aged 1.5-2 years, immunized with live parotitis vaccine prepared from strain -3. One immunization dose of the vaccine contained 7,950 HADU50.

[Macrophage transformation of mononuclear cells following primary and secondary experimental immunization with measles vaccine].

Cell-mediated and humoral immune response was studied in guinea pigs receiving two immunizations with live measles vaccine l-16 in doses of 1000 TCD50/0.5 ml at an interval of 45 days. The results of this study showed that the maximum level of the macrophagal transformation of mononuclears and the most intensive synthesis of antimeasles antibodies were observed on day 10 after booster immunization.

[Prevention of mumps in preschool institutions using a live mumps vaccine made from strain L-3].

The effectiveness of the emergency vaccinal prophylaxis of epidemic parotitis was studied in 19 children's day-care centers. As revealed in this study, the immunological effectiveness of vaccination did not depend on the age of vaccinees, but sharply decreased if live parotitis vaccine contained less than 10,000 HADU50 per immunization dose. After a single administration of the vaccine 91.

[Epidemiologic surveillance of diphtheria and measles].

The epidemiological surveillance of diphtheria and measles makes it possible to evaluate the actual coverage of different groups of population with immunization and the state of this protection, to determine the tendencies of the epidemic processes of the afore-mentioned infections, to assess the efficacy of prophylactic and antiepidemic measures, and to develop well-grounded recommendations aimed at preventing the formation of foci of group infections and the lethal outcomes of diphtheria and measles.

[Reactogenic properties and immunogenicity of measles and mumps vaccines when used by different procedures].

In the controlled epidemiological trial the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of live measles vaccine (LMV) and live parotitis vaccine (LPV) were evaluated in identical groups of children immunized in accordance with different schedules: only LMV or LPV, the injection of these preparations mixed in one syringe or with the use of separate syringes, or at an interval of 3 months. The highest number of febrile reactions, rash and catarrhal symptoms was registered among children immunized with LMV, and the lowest number of such reactions in the groups of children immunized with LPV. The injection of LMV and LPV with one syringe or simultaneously with separate syringes decreased the intensity of immune response to the injection of the antigens.

[Measles morbidity among children inoculated against this infection].

In the serological survey of 2009 children immunized against measles 285 children (14.2%) were found to be seronegative to this infection in the hemagglutination inhibition test with 4 hemagglutinating units of the antigen. Among 1724 immunized children showing positive response to vaccination and placed under dynamic observation for 11 years, 2 cases of measles were registered.

[Immunocytochemical indices of the measles vaccinal process].

To study the immune responsiveness of children in the measles vaccinal process, the cytochemical methods for the identification of immunocompetent cells have been used. The investigations have been made in children aged 1.5-4 years, immunized with live measles vaccine prepared from strain l-16.

[Immunostructure of school-age children inoculated against measles].

The mass serological survey of school children immunized against measles was carried out by means of the hemagglutination inhibition test. As a result, 20.4% of these school children were found to be seronegative, and in 9.

[Immunological reactivity of children vaccinated with a live measles vaccine].

Immunologic responsiveness in measles vaccinal and infectious processes was studied by the neutrophil alteration test in 72 children varying in ages from 18 months to 4 years of whom 20 were in the acute period of measles infection and 52 vaccinated with live measles vaccine from the L-16 strain. The study showed that both in the infectious disease and vaccinal process cell-mediated immunologic responses and changes in the specific humoral immunity are dissimilar. In measles disease they are manifested earlier and more marked than in the vaccinal process where even 30 days post-vaccination cell-mediated responses are not as manifest and frequent as in convalescents despite nearly similar levels of humoral immunity.

[Experimental study of measles immunity based on an index to neutrophil damage].

Comparative studies for the elucidation of immunologic reactions in vaccination and infectious measles immunity were carried out. The delayed hypersensitivity was evaluated by the test of neutrophil alteration with the specific antigen according to V. N.

[Method of detecting persons needing reinoculations against measles].

The epidemiological analysis of 118 measles foci and the total morbidity rate in measles in the populated locality has been carried out. The admissible focal and morbidity levels in measles among vaccinated children have been established. The method of selecting groups in need of the repeated immunization against measles has been proposed.