Neutrophil metalloproteinase driven spleen damage hampers infection control of trypanosomiasis.

Recent blood transcriptomic analysis of rhodesiense sleeping sickness patients has revealed that neutrophil signature genes and activation markers constitute the top indicators of trypanosomiasis-associated inflammation. Here, we show that Trypanosoma brucei infection results in expansion and differentiation of four splenic neutrophil subpopulations, including Mki67Birc5Gfi1Cebpe proliferation-competent precursors, two intermediate immature subpopulations and CebpbSpi1Irf7Mcl1Csf3r inflammation reprogrammed mature neutrophils. Transcriptomic scRNA-seq profiling identified the largest immature subpopulation by Mmp8/9 positive tertiary granule markers.

Changes in cortisol awakening responses (CAR) in menopausal women through short-term marine healing retreat program with specific factors affecting each CAR index.

Recent studies have reported that the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is associated with various health risks. The different indices used to represent the CAR include the average cortisol levels in the morning immediately after waking (AVE); the total area under the curve of cortisol levels with respect to ground (AUCg); and the area under the curve of cortisol levels with respect to increase (AUCi). However, it is unclear which physiological phenomenon each index reflects.