Outpatient Intraperitoneal Catumaxomab Therapy for Malignant Ascites Related to Advanced Gynecologic Neoplasms.

Background: Catumaxomab (CATU) is a trifunctional antibody approved for intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of malignant ascites (MA) related to carcinomas expressing the epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM).

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) in Colorectal Tumors.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) - initially developed for the treatment of early gastric cancer in Japan - is an attractive option for en bloc resection of larger sessile or flat colorectal neoplasia.

Methods: A review of the current literature on colorectal ESD was carried out.

Results: In contrast to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), ESD for larger colorectal neoplasia yields high en bloc resection rates and very low recurrence rates.

[Endoscopic resection of a rare gastric adenoma (pyloric gland adenoma) with transition into a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma].

We present the case of a 76-year-old lady in whom the work-up for iron-deficiency anaemia resulted in the finding of a giant gastric polyp. The polyp could be completely removed endoscopically. The final histology showed the rare entity of a pyloric gland adenoma with focal transition into a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

A 7.5-year prospective study of longer than 18 months type-specific human papillomavirus persistence in a routine cytology-based cervical screening population of about 31,000 women in West Germany.

The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence, infection pattern, duration and outcome of long-term, type-specific, persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in a routine cytology-based cervical screening population of West German women followed up for 7.5 years. From a screening population of 31,000 women, a strictly selected cohort of 100 patients with > or =18-month persistent, type-specific HPV infection were prospectively followed up for a mean of 35.

The prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in oral epithelial hyperplasia: proposal of a concept.

Background: Evidence is accumulating for the aetiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions and squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: Paraffin tissue sections from 49 patients with 'white patches' of the oral mucosa were investigated histologically, by broad-spectrum PCR followed by genotyping and chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH).

Results: Histologically, 33 flat hyperplasias and 16 papillary hyperplasias were diagnosed.

Quantitative molecular grading of bladder tumours: a tool for objective assessment of the biological potential of urothelial neoplasias.

The present study aimed to assess whether patients with bladder urothelial tumours can be more objectively stratified into low- and high-risk groups for recurrence and progression using a 2-tired molecular grading scheme, than by subjective histopathological grading alone. Biopsy material from 45 consecutive patients with urothelial bladder neoplasias (2 papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potentials, 18 pTa, 1 pTis, 19 pT1 and 5 pT2) was analysed for immunohistochemical Ki-67 and p53 expression. Labelling indices were assessed by automated cellular image analysis.

Analysis of tissue imprints by scanning laser cytometry.

The analysis of DNA content and simultaneous surface or intracellular antigen expression is described for laser scanning cytometry. Measurements can be performed on microscope slides prepared immediately after dissection of native surgical specimens. These protocols will be useful for both diagnostic pathology and cell biology laboratories.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of multiple human papillomavirus infection in the uterine cervix: a 7.5-year longitudinal study in a routine cytology-based screening population in West Germany.

The availability of vaccines against certain HPV types and the development of broad spectrum genotyping methods have increased interest in co-infections with different HPV types. In the present study, the prevalence and type-specific composition of multiple HPV infections were investigated in a routine cervical screening population in West Germany both at a cross-sectional level and longitudinally. Four hundred eighty-nine out of 8,090 women were diagnosed with multiple HPV infections once or repeatedly.

An unusual manifestation of a neonatal Chlamydia infection.

A 25-day-old boy was admitted to hospital because of pneumonia and additionally developed symptoms of encephalitis. The immune fluorescence test for Chlamydia trachomatis in tracheal fluids was positive. Furthermore, ligase chain reaction for C trachomatis was positive in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Predictive testing of early cervical pre-cancer by detecting human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA in cervical cytologies up to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: diagnostic and prognostic implications.

The type-specific persistence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered to be the true precursor of cervical cancer at which the transcription of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 is necessary for the malignant transformation and maintenance of the neoplastic state. In the present pilot study, a cohort of 66 women was investigated from a routine office-based screening population who had an index cytological result from normal to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and who were also HPV-DNA positive for at least one of the following high-risk HPV types: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 detected by MY09/MY11 consensus and GP5+/6+ general primers, followed by sequencing. The expression of E6/E7 transcripts from the same HPV types was detected by the PreTect HPV-Proofer.

[Risk-adapted multimodal laboratory cervical screening---Pap test of the future?].

The objective of screening for cervical cancer is to reduce mortality and incidence of the disease. To date there is extensive and strong evidence that this can be achieved by cytology-based screening programs, which continue to be the mainstay of cervical prevention worldwide despite their inherent methodological limitations. This article presents a review on the utility of conventional, ancillary and experimental methods for cervical screening both as single tests and test combinations, and describes possible future directions for enhanced screening accuracy using risk-adapted protocols.

The spectrum of cervical diseases induced by low-risk and undefined-risk HPVS: implications for patient management.

Background: The natural history and carcinogenicity of rare and novel HPV types is unclear.

Materials And Methods: From a total of 5,964 women tested for HPV by PCR and sequence analysis, Pap smears from 293 patients harbouring mono-infection with low-risk, undetermined-risk or novel HPV genotypes were investigated.

Results: Sixty-three percent of patients had ASC-US, 23% LSIL, 9% were negative and 5% had HSIL in cytology.

Fetal MRI demonstrates glioependymal cyst in a case of sonographic unilateral ventriculomegaly.

We report a fetus of 28 weeks' gestation in which ultrasonography demonstrated unilateral ventriculomegaly and microcephaly. Fetal MRI demonstrated a simple, left paramedian occipital cyst with rarefaction of the corpus callosum and thinning of the adjacent cortical mantle. Ischaemia was suggested as the underlying pathogenesis, but autopsy after termination of pregnancy revealed a glioependymal cyst.

Isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: cardiac axis and displacement before fetal viability has no role in predicting postnatal outcome.

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether objective assessment of cardiac shifting on two-dimensional ultrasonography can predict postnatal outcome in fetuses with isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Materials And Methods: Still images at the level of the four-chamber view were obtained in 23 fetuses with left-sided CDH. A group of 12 fetuses (3 non-survivors and 9 survivors) were examined at two periods, between 20 and 30 weeks and between 31 and 40 weeks.

Intrarenal abscesses due to Ureaplasma urealyticum in a transplanted kidney.

A young woman developed multiple abscesses in her transplanted kidney. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene with subsequent sequencing revealed Ureaplasma urealyticum as the infectious agent. Microbiological diagnosis and sensitivity testing led to therapy with levofloxacin, resulting in rapid recovery of the patient.

Unusual case of well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma lacking thyroglobulin expression while still concentrating radioiodine.

We present an unusual case of a well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma with bilateral lung metastases. Despite undetectable serum thyroglobulin (Tg) on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation and no immunohistochemical evidence of Tg expression in the primary tumour, the patient showed significant uptake of radioiodine in both lungs. After five cycles of high dose radioiodine therapy, the patient went into complete remission and therefore had an excellent response to radioiodine treatment.

Predicting treatment outcome in cervical diseases using liquid-based cytology, dynamic HPV genotyping and DNA cytometry.

Background: In this study, our prospective experience with a multimodal follow-up protocol is summarized, with special emphasis on predicting the treatment outcome of cervical diseases.

Materials And Methods: Liquid-based cytology samples (ThinPrep) from 209 women exhibiting the whole spectrum of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cervical diseases were investigated by cytology, PCR-based HPV genotyping and DNA cytometry pre-surgery. The first control cytology and type-specific HPV tests were performed at 3 months post-surgery.

Mid-facial anthropometry in second-trimester fetuses with trisomy 21: a three-dimensional ultrasound study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fetuses with trisomy 21 and detectable nasal bones have a distinct facial anthropometry that can be objectively defined using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 40 fetuses in the second trimester, 17 with trisomy 21 and 23 controls, was performed. The 3D volume datasets of each case were evaluated for documentation of the nasal bones using the multiplanar and the maximum mode.

Outcome of 60 neonates who had ARED flow prenatally compared with a matched control group of appropriate-for-gestational age preterm neonates.

Objective: To describe the course and outcome of fetuses with absent or reversed end-diastolic (ARED) flow in the umbilical artery (UA) and to examine the influence of prematurity according to gestational age at delivery.

Methods: Sixty pregnancies complicated by ARED flow in the UA were monitored by repeat Doppler measurements of arterial and venous vessels, non-stress tests (cardiotocogram (CTG)) and maternal investigations, and were delivered between 24 and 34 weeks. Fetal outcome was investigated and compared to a control group of appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) preterm neonates, matched for gestational age.

Quantitative molecular urinary cytology by fluorescence in situ hybridization: a tool for tailoring surveillance of patients with superficial bladder cancer?

Objective: To determine whether it is possible to stratify patients with superficial bladder cancer into low- and high-risk groups for tumour recurrence/progression based on the chromosomal pattern detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in one urine cytology specimen used for follow-up testing.

Patients And Methods: Voided urine samples from 47 consecutive patients with urinary tract neoplasms (13 with no history of urothelial malignancy and 34 under follow-up after complete transurethral resection of superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder) were evaluated by liquid-based cytology (ThinPrep(R), CYTYC Corp., Boxborough, MA, USA) and UroVysion FISH (Vysis-Abbott, Downers Grove, IL).

HPV in anal squamous cell carcinoma and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Impact of HPV analysis of anal lesions on diagnosis and prognosis.

Background And Aims: Majority of cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma are human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced and result from anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). This study was conducted to examine methods which may enable the routine diagnosis of HPV-induced changes in the anal rim and the consequences of such detection especially in view of a more sensitive diagnosis of AIN. Results were clinically correlated.

Risk-adapted multimodal laboratory cervical screening -- application of new technologies to cervical cancer prevention.

The objective of screening for cervical cancer is to reduce the mortality and incidence of the disease. To date, there is extensive and strong evidence that this can be achieved by cytology-based screening programs, which continue to be the mainstay of cervical prevention worldwide despite their inherent methodological limitations. This article presents a review on the utility of conventional, ancillary, and experimental methods for cervical screening both as single tests and test-combinations, and describes possible future directions for enhanced screening accuracy using risk-adapted protocols.

Can we detect cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by cytomorphology alone? Diagnostic value of non-classic cytological signs of HPV effect in minimally abnormal Pap tests.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the validity of non-classical cytological signs in minimally abnormal cervical smears for the prediction of HPV infection.

Methods: 164 ThinPrep monolayers were re-screened for mild nuclear changes, disorders of keratinisation, abortive koilocytes and 'measles cells', as well as degenerative changes. HPV DNA was detected by GP5+/6+ and MY09/MY11 consensus primer PCR assays.