Tracking solid electrolyte interphase dynamics using operando fibre-optic infra-red spectroscopy and multivariate curve regression.

As batteries drive the transition to electrified transportation and energy systems, ensuring their quality, reliability, lifetime, and safety is crucial. While the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is known to govern these performance characteristics, its dynamic nature makes understanding its nucleation, growth, and composition an ambitious, yet elusive aspiration. This work employs chalcogenide fibres embedded in negative electrode materials for operando Infra-red Fibre-optic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (IR-FEWS), combined with Multivariate Curve Resolution by Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) algorithms for spectra analysis.

Datopotamab-deruxtecan plus durvalumab in early-stage breast cancer: the sequential multiple assignment randomized I-SPY2.2 phase 2 trial.

Sequential adaptive trial designs can help accomplish the goals of personalized medicine, optimizing outcomes and avoiding unnecessary toxicity. Here we describe the results of incorporating a promising antibody-drug conjugate, datopotamab-deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) in combination with programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitor, durvalumab, as the first sequence of therapy in the I-SPY2.2 phase 2 neoadjuvant sequential multiple assignment randomization trial for high-risk stage 2/3 breast cancer.

Injuries in the emerging sport of roundnet (Spikeball): a cross-sectional study of 166 players.

Objectives: To describe injury frequency and characteristics in roundnet athletes and compare injury characteristics between elite and non-elite athletes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling recreational and competitive roundnet athletes via a REDCap survey distributed through social media platforms. The custom survey evaluated athlete demographics, past sport participation, training workload and roundnet-related injuries throughout their whole playing career.

Establishing Population Values for Chlorine Exposure in the United States (2015-2016) Using 2 Chlorine Biomarkers, 3-Chlorotyrosine and 3,5-Dichlorotyrosine.

Background: In the United States, 12 million short tons of chlorine are manufactured and transported each year. Due to the volume of this volatile chemical, large- and small-scale chemical exposures occur frequently. To diagnose and treat potentially exposed individuals, reference range values for confirmatory biomarkers are required to differentiate between normal and abnormal exposure levels.

Within- and transgenerational stress legacy effects of ocean acidification on red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) growth and survival.

Understanding the mechanisms by which individual organisms respond and populations adapt to global climate change is a critical challenge. The role of plasticity and acclimation, within and across generations, may be essential given the pace of change. We investigated plasticity across generations and life stages in response to ocean acidification (OA), which poses a growing threat to both wild populations and the sustainable aquaculture of shellfish.

Detangling electrolyte chemical dynamics in lithium sulfur batteries by operando monitoring with optical resonance combs.

Challenges in enabling next-generation rechargeable batteries with lower cost, higher energy density, and longer cycling life stem not only from combining appropriate materials, but from optimally using cell components. One-size-fits-all approaches to operational cycling and monitoring are limited in improving sustainability if they cannot utilize and capture essential chemical dynamics and states of electrodes and electrolytes. Herein we describe and show how the use of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) sensors to track, via the monitoring of both temperature and refractive index metrics, electrolyte-electrode coupled changes that fundamentally control lithium sulfur batteries.

Pre-assessment and management of long COVID patients requiring elective surgery: challenges and guidance.

Whilst most patients infected with COVID-19 make a full recovery, around 1 in 33 patients in the UK report ongoing symptoms post-infection, termed 'long COVID'. Studies have demonstrated that infection with early COVID-19 variants increases postoperative mortality and pulmonary complications for around 7 weeks after acute infection. Furthermore, this increased risk persists for those with ongoing symptoms beyond 7 weeks.

Achieving Superior Tensile Performance in Individual Metal-Organic Framework Crystals.

Rapid advances in the engineering application prospects of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials necessitate an urgent in-depth understanding of their mechanical properties. This work demonstrates unprecedented recoverable elastic deformation of Ni-tetraphenylporphyrins (Ni-TCPP) MOF nanobelts with a tensile strain as high as 14%, and a projected yield strength-to-Young's modulus ratio exceeding the theoretical limit (≈10%) for crystalline materials. Based on first-principles simulations, the observed behavior of MOF crystal can be attributed to the mechanical deformation induced conformation transition and the formation of helical configuration of dislocations under high stresses, arising from their organic ligand building blocks in the crystal structures.

Perceived Effectiveness of Nursing Faculty of Clinical Video Simulation for Use in Nurse Practitioner Education.

Quality clinical placements for nurse practitioner students are increasingly challenging to locate and sustain, restricting faculty opportunities to assess student clinical competency. With the additional impact of COVID-19 restricting access to in-person clinicals and simulations, faculty began to incorporate virtual clinical simulation experiences. This cross-sectional design study examined nurse practitioner faculty's perception that by including videos with the accompanying faculty guides found at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro School of Nursing Clinical Video Simulation Series site, students' clinical decision making could be enhanced and that video simulation can be used to assess clinical competency.

Interlayer Structure and Chemistry Engineering of MXene-Based Anode for Effective Capture of Chloride Anions in Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization.

Negatively charged surfaces and readily oxidizabile characteristics fundamentally restrict the use of MXene building blocks as anodes for anion intercalation. Herein, by embedding bacterial cellulose nanofibers with conformal polypyrrole coating (BC@PPy) and populating them between MXene (TiCT) interlayers, we enable the fabricated MXene/BC@PPy (MBP) composite films to be highly efficient anodes for Cl-capturing in asymmetric capacitive deionization (CDI) systems. Performance gains are realized due to the surface electronegativity of MXene nanosheets becoming compensated by positively charged BC@PPy nanofibers, alleviating electrostatic repulsion, thus realizing reversible Cl intercalation.

Simplifying Electrode Design for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Cells.

In the race to increase lithium-ion cell manufacturing, labor and energy costs quickly ascend to become chief concerns for building new facilities, as conventional electrode designs need significant resources during fabrication. Complicating this issue is an empirical trade-off between environmental friendliness and ethical sourcing. To circumvent this paradox, modified cell designs that employ foils and textiles can significantly change manufacturing considerations if their simple construction can be matched with competitive performance.

Pregnancy-associated large pelvic desmoid tumor: A case report of fetal-protective strategies and fertility preservation.

•Desmoid fibromatoses grow rapidly during the high estrogen-state of pregnancy.•Mass effect on the bladder is a complication of abdominal desmoid fibromatoses.•Cryoablation, doxorubicin, and post-partum prolactin are fetal-protective treatments.

Molecular profiling of advanced malignancies guides first-line N-of-1 treatments in the I-PREDICT treatment-naïve study.

Background: Malignancies are molecularly complex and become more resistant with each line of therapy. We hypothesized that offering matched, individualized combination therapies to patients with treatment-naïve, advanced cancers would be feasible and efficacious. Patients with newly diagnosed unresectable/metastatic, poor-prognosis cancers were enrolled in a cross-institutional prospective study.

Evolved differences in energy metabolism and growth dictate the impacts of ocean acidification on abalone aquaculture.

Ocean acidification (OA) poses a major threat to marine ecosystems and shellfish aquaculture. A promising mitigation strategy is the identification and breeding of shellfish varieties exhibiting resilience to acidification stress. We experimentally compared the effects of OA on two populations of red abalone (), a marine mollusc important to fisheries and global aquaculture.

Exploring the Reversibility of Phase Transformations in Aluminum Anodes through Operando Light Microscopy and Stress Analysis.

Aluminum is well-known to possess attractive properties for possible use as an anode material in Li-ion batteries (LIBs), but effort is still needed to understand how and why it degrades. Herein, investigations of the delithiation and the re-lithiation processes in Al thin films using an established operando light microscopic platform are pursued. Operando videos highlight that the extraction of Li from the β phase (LiAl) is accompanied by fracture and crack formation leading to the detachment of the α phase (Al) from the rest of the electrode.

Medical Student Leadership in Emergency Medicine.

Emergency medicine is a profession that requires good leadership skills. Emergency physicians must be able to instill confidence in both the staff and patients, inspire the best in others, have the enthusiasm to take on a surplus of responsibilities, and maintain calmness during unexpected circumstances. Accordingly, residency program directors look carefully for leadership qualities and potential among their applicants.

The Limits of Electromechanical Coupling in Highly-Tensile Strained Germanium.

Speculations regarding electronic and photonic properties of strained germanium (Ge) have perpetually put it into contention for next-generation devices since the start of the information age. Here, the electromechanical coupling of <111> Ge nanowires (NWs) is reported from unstrained conditions to the ultimate tensile strength. Under tensile strain, the conductivity of the NW is enhanced exponentially, reaching an enhancement factor of ∼130 at ∼3.

Impact of high UV fluences on the mechanical and sensing properties of polymer optical fibers for high strain measurements.

PMMA-based fibers are widely studied for strain measurements and show repeatable results for Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) inscribed using 325 nm laser and 248 nm laser. However, there is no available material mechanical behavior characterization of the UV source impact on the fiber properties. In this manuscript, fibers are irradiated with high fluence of 325 nm and 248 nm lasers and the fibers properties are investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile strain for potential use of these fibers past the yield point.

No improvement in quality of life in children with epilepsy treated with the low glycemic index diet.

Background: Up to 30% of children with epilepsy show a poor therapeutic response to pharmacologic treatment. Ketogenic diets, including the less strict low glycemic index treatment (LGIT), may improve seizure control in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. However, little is known about the quality of life (QoL) in children on LGIT.

Improvement of the Cycling Performance of Aluminum Anodes through Operando Light Microscopy and Kinetic Analysis.

Aluminum is an attractive anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low cost, light weight, and high specific capacity. However, utilization of Al-based anodes is significantly limited by drastic capacity fading during cycling. Herein, a systematic study is performed to investigate the kinetics of electrochemical lithiation of Al thin films to understand the mechanisms governing the phase transformation, by using an operando light microscopy platform.

Performance Recovery in Degraded Carbon-Based Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization.

Limitations of capacitive deionization (CDI) and future commercialization efforts are intrinsically bound to electrode stability. In this work, thermal treatments are explored to understand their ability to regenerate aged CDI electrodes. We demonstrate that a relatively low thermal treatment temperature of ∼500 °C can sufficiently recover the lost salt adsorption capacity of degraded electrodes.

Infantile Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or pseudotumor cerebri, is an increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure of unknown etiology. It is mostly seen in adults, less frequently in adolescents, rarely in younger children. Only 5 infants meeting idiopathic intracranial hypertension criteria have been mentioned in the literature.

Efficacy of a web-based women's health survivorship care plan for young breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Breast cancer survivorship care plans (SCP) have limited content addressing women's health issues. This trial tested if young breast cancer survivors who receive a web-based, women's health SCP were more likely to improve on at least one of the four targeted issues (hot flashes, fertility-related concerns, contraception, and vaginal symptoms) compared to attention controls.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial recruited female survivors ages 18-45 at diagnosis, 18-50 at enrollment, completed primary cancer treatment, and had a significant women's health issue: moderate or higher fertility-related concerns; ≥ 4 hot flashes/day with ≥ 1 of moderate severity; ≥ 1 moderate vaginal atrophy symptoms; or not contracepting/using less effective methods.

Next-Generation Sequencing of Tissue and Circulating Tumor DNA: The UC San Diego Moores Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy Experience with Breast Malignancies.

Clinical-grade next-generation sequencing (NGS) of tissue- and blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) allows assessment of multiple genomic alterations in patients with cancer. We analyzed ctDNA (54-70 genes) in 62 patients with advanced breast cancer (median = five prior therapies); 38 also had tissue NGS (236-315 genes). Overall, 42 of 62 patients (68%) had detectable (characterized) ctDNA alterations (variants of unknown significance excluded), and 37 of 38 (97%) had tissue alterations.