Protocol for Creating Antibodies with Complex Fluorescence Spectra.

Fluorescent antibodies are a workhorse of biomedical science, but fluorescence multiplexing has been notoriously difficult due to spectral overlap between fluorophores. We recently established proof-of-principal for fluorescence Multiplexing using Spectral Imaging and Combinatorics (MuSIC), which uses combinations of existing fluorophores to create unique spectral signatures for increased multiplexing. However, a method for labeling antibodies with MuSIC probes has not yet been developed.

Perinatal ontogeny of brain growth in the domestic pig.

The perinatal development of the brain is highlighted by a growth spurt whose timing varies among species. The growth of the porcine cerebrum was investigated from the third trimester of gestation (70 days postconception) through the first 3.5 weeks of postnatal life (140 days postconception).

Pigs fed cholesterol neonatally have increased cerebrum cholesterol as young adults.

Sixty-eight female neonatal pigs selected for seven (Experiment 1) or eight (Experiment 2) generations for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma cholesterol were used to test the hypothesis that neonatal dietary cholesterol fed during the first 4 or 8 wk of postnatal life increases the cholesterol content of the cerebrum in young adulthood following free access to a high-fat (15%), high-cholesterol (0.5%) diet from 8 to 20 or 24 wk of age. Pigs were removed from their dams at 1 d of age and given free access to a sow-milk replacer diet containing 9.

National Beef Quality Audit-1995: survey of producer-related defects and carcass quality and quantity attributes.

The National Beef Quality Audit-1995 was conducted to evaluate the progress of the beef industry since the time of the National Beef Quality Audit-1991 in improving quality and consistency of beef. Nine plants were assigned for auditing to Colorado State University, Oklahoma State University, and Texas A&M University. Personnel from each institution visited three of their nine plants twice, once in the spring/summer and once in the fall/winter.

Consumer evaluation of beef of known categories of tenderness.

A study was conducted to determine consumer perceptions of beef top loin steaks of known shear force and to evaluate how buying trends were modified by the tenderness and price variations of these steaks. Strip loins were cut into a 2.54-cm-thick steaks, and the center steak from each strip loin was used to determine Warner-Bratzler shear force.

Influence of realimentation of mature cows on maturity, color, collagen solubility, and sensory characteristics.

Cull beef cows (n = 80) that had consumed similar grassland diets were assigned to one of four feeding periods (0, 28, 56, and 84 d) and subdivided into two groups fed either a high-energy, high-protein diet or a high-energy, low-protein diet. Treatments were designed to examine the effect of time on feed, dietary protein, and electrical stimulation on carcass traits, composition, shear force, sensory profile, collagen characteristics, and myoglobin state. Within 1 h of slaughter, the right side of each carcass was electrically stimulated, and the left side served as the control.

Effect of chromium picolinate on growth, body composition, and tissue accretion in pigs.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary chromium picolinate (CrP) on growth and body composition of pigs. Twenty-four barrows (three from each of eight litters) were randomly allotted within litter to one of three treatments: 1) basal (B) diet from 19.1 to 106.

Effects of Postmortem time of calcium chloride injection on beef tenderness and drip, cooking, and total loss.

The effect of postmortem time of calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) injection in conjunction with postmortem aging was determined on 16 beef semimembranosus muscles. Each muscle was cut into four equal segments that were randomly assigned: (1) no injection (control); (2) CaCl(2) at 1 h postmortem; (3) CaCl(2) at 12 h postmortem; or (4) CaCl(2) at 24 h postmortem. Samples were injected with a 0·3 m solution of CaCl(2) at 10% by weight.