The Role of Virtual Reality in Training Orthopaedic Surgery Residents.

» Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used across surgical specialties in training, offering a safe, immersive environment for skill development.» Studies show that VR significantly improves surgical performance making it an effective training tool for orthopaedic residents; however, effects may be more pronounced in junior trainees and may not be seen in senior trainees or attendings.» As VR technology evolves, it promises broader applications in surgical training, though further research is needed to establish its superiority over traditional methods.

Sward type alters enteric methane emissions, nitrogen output and the relative abundance of the rumen microbial ecosystem in sheep.

Observed improvements in animal and sward performance, coupled with a desire for more sustainable pasture-based feeding systems, has triggered a surge in the implementation of more botanically diverse pastures. However, thus far, there has been limited research investigating the effects of botanically diverse sward types on enteric methane (CH4) or nitrogen (N) excretion, alongside the ruminal microbiota and fermentation profile, in sheep. Hence, this study investigates the effect of sward type on CH4 production and N excretion, in addition to assessing the rumen microbiome, volatile fatty acid proportions, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in sheep.

Developments and applications of the OPTIMADE API for materials discovery, design, and data exchange.

The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) application programming interface (API) empowers users with holistic access to a growing federation of databases, enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of materials and chemical data. Since the first release of the OPTIMADE specification (v1.0), the API has undergone significant development, leading to the v1.

Methane output across life stages in sheep, how it differs from lambs to adult ewes using portable accumulation chambers.

Methane (CH4) produced from enteric fermentation is a potent greenhouse gas produced by ruminant animals. Multiple measurements are required across life stages to develop an understanding of how CH4 output changes throughout the animal's lifetime. The objectives of the current study were to estimate CH4 output across life stages in sheep and to investigate the relationship between CH4 output and dry matter (DM) intake (DMI).

The inclusion of companion forages in the diet alongside perennial ryegrass increased dry matter intake and organic matter digestibility in sheep.

The inclusion of companion forages in the diet of ruminant animals is gaining popularity in temperate regions due to observed improvements in animal performance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diet type on DM intake (DMI) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) in sheep. Furthermore, the effect of sward type on diet nutritive quality was investigated.

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from sheep measured using both respiration and portable accumulation chambers.

Methane (CH) is a potent gas produced by ruminants, and new measurement techniques are required to generate large datasets suitable for genetic analysis. One such technique are portable accumulation chambers (PAC), a short-term sampling method. The objectives of the current study were to explore the relationship between CH and carbon dioxide (CO) output measured using both PAC and respiration chambers (RC) in growing lambs, and separately investigate the relationship among CH, CO and measured ad libitum DM intake (DMI).

Transcarotid arterial revascularization is feasible and safe with concomitant inferior vena cava occlusion.

Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) has risen as a promising minimally invasive intervention for high-risk patients with favorable anatomy. TCAR's noninferiority to carotid endarterectomy regarding stroke is reliant on its flow reversal technology and lack of aortic arch manipulation. We present the case of a 79-year-old man with a chronically occluded inferior vena cava who safely underwent staged bilateral TCAR for bilateral high-grade carotid artery stenosis.

Investigating How Genetic Merit and Country of Origin Impact the Profitability of Grass-Based Sheep Production Systems.

The objective of this study was to simulate and assess the profitability of sheep production systems that varied in maternal genetic merit (high or low) and country of origin (New Zealand (NZ) or Ireland), using the Teagasc Lamb Production Model (TLPM). A production system study performed at Teagasc Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland, from 2016 to 2019, inclusive, provided key animal performance input parameters, which were compared across three scenarios: high maternal genetic merit NZ (NZ), high maternal genetic merit Irish (High Irish) and low maternal genetic merit Irish (Low Irish).

β-Glucan-Mediated Oral Codelivery of 5FU and Bcl2 siRNA Attenuates Stomach Cancer.

Based on cancer-related deaths, stomach cancer is ranked fifth, and first among Hispanics. Lack of technologies for early diagnosis and unavailability of target-specific therapeutics are largely the causes of the poor therapeutic outcomes from existing chemotherapeutics. Currently available therapeutic modalities are invasive and require systemic delivery, although the cancer is localized in the stomach at its early stage.

Atomic-Resolution Mapping of Localized Phonon Modes at Grain Boundaries.

Phonon scattering at grain boundaries (GBs) is significant in controlling the nanoscale device thermal conductivity. However, GBs could also act as waveguides for selected modes. To measure localized GB phonon modes, milli-electron volt (meV) energy resolution is needed with subnanometer spatial resolution.

Identifying developability risks for clinical progression of antibodies using high-throughput in vitro and in silico approaches.

With the growing significance of antibodies as a therapeutic class, identifying developability risks early during development is of paramount importance. Several high-throughput in vitro assays and in silico approaches have been proposed to de-risk antibodies during early stages of the discovery process. In this review, we have compiled and collectively analyzed published experimental assessments and computational metrics for clinical antibodies.

Effect of different botanically-diverse diets on the fatty acid profile, tocopherol content and oxidative stability of beef.

Background: Beef from pasture-fed animals is viewed as a healthier and more welfare-friendly alternative to concentrate-fed beef. Botanically-diverse pastures consisting of numerous plant species may alter the fatty acid (FA) profile and the tocopherol content of beef, as well as the oxidative stability of the meat. In the present study, steers were assigned to one of three botanically-diverse diets: perennial ryegrass (PRG), perennial ryegrass + white clover (PRG + WC) or multi-species (MS), all with a finishing diet of the respective botanically-diverse silages plus a cereal-based concentrate, consistent with production systems in Ireland.

Can botanically-diverse pastures positively impact the nutritional and antioxidant composition of ruminant meat? - Invited review.

A desire for more sustainable pasture-based ruminant feeding systems has led to growing interest in utilising botanically-diverse pastures (BDP) over monoculture pastures. Research suggests that, from a human consumption viewpoint, grass-based ruminant feeding leads to more nutritionally desirable fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant concentrations in meat compared with concentrate feeding, which can affect meat quality. The FA, antioxidant and secondary metabolite content of plants differ, depending on species, maturity and seasonality, offering the potential through targeted feeding of BDP to produce meat with superior nutritional and antioxidant profiles.

Detection of Anticancer Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using VCAM1-Targeted Nanoprobes.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity is an undesirable yet very common effect that increases the risk of death and reduce the quality of life of individuals undergoing chemotherapy. However, no feasible methods and techniques are available to monitor and detect the degree of cardiotoxicity at an early stage. Therefore, in this project, we aim to develop a fluorescent nanoprobe to image the toxicity within the cardiac tissue induced by an anticancer drug.

Prediction of nitrogen excretion from data on dairy cows fed a wide range of diets compiled in an intercontinental database: A meta-analysis.

Manure nitrogen (N) from cattle contributes to nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions and nitrate leaching. Measurement of manure N outputs on dairy farms is laborious, expensive, and impractical at large scales; therefore, models are needed to predict N excreted in urine and feces. Building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide.

Structure and Methylation of 35S rDNA in Allopolyploids (2 = 4 = 32, BBDD) and (2 = 6 = 48, AABBDD) and Their Parental Species Show Evidence of Nucleolar Dominance.

Transcriptional silencing of 35S rDNA loci inherited from one parental species is occurring relatively frequently in allopolyploids. However, molecular mechanisms by which it is selected for transcriptional silencing remain unclear. We applied NGS, silver staining and bisulfite sequencing to study the structure, expression and methylation landscape of 35S rDNA in two allopolyploids of common origin, allotetraploid (2 = 4 = 32, genome composition BBDD) and allohexaploid (2 = 6 = 48, AABBDD), and their genome donors, (2 = 16, AA), (2 = 16, BB) and (2 = 16, DD).

Assessment of Angiogenesis and Cell Survivability of an Inkjet Bioprinted Biological Implant in an Animal Model.

The rapidly growing field of tissue engineering hopes to soon address the shortage of transplantable tissues, allowing for precise control and fabrication that could be made for each specific patient. The protocols currently in place to print large-scale tissues have yet to address the main challenge of nutritional deficiencies in the central areas of the engineered tissue, causing necrosis deep within and rendering it ineffective. Bioprinted microvasculature has been proposed to encourage angiogenesis and facilitate the mobility of oxygen and nutrients throughout the engineered tissue.

Bioprinting of Decellularized Porcine Cardiac Tissue for Large-Scale Aortic Models.

Bioprinting is an emerging technique used to layer extrudable materials and cells into simple constructs to engineer tissue or arrive at organ models. Although many examples of bioprinted tissues exist, many lack the biochemical complexity found in the native extracellular matrix. Therefore, the resulting tissues may be less competent than native tissues-this can be especially problematic for tissues that need strong mechanical properties, such as cardiac or those found in the great vessels.

Integrating heterogeneous across-country data for proxy-based random forest prediction of enteric methane in dairy cattle.

Direct measurements of methane (CH) from individual animals are difficult and expensive. Predictions based on proxies for CH are a viable alternative. Most prediction models are based on multiple linear regressions (MLR) and predictor variables that are not routinely available in commercial farms, such as dry matter intake (DMI) and diet composition.

Localized Phonon Densities of States at Grain Boundaries in Silicon.

Since it is now possible to record vibrational spectra at nanometer scales in the electron microscope, it is of interest to explore whether extended defects in crystals such as dislocations or grain boundaries will result in measurable changes of the phonon densities of states (dos) that are reflected in the spectra. Phonon densities of states were calculated for a set of high angle grain boundaries in silicon. The boundaries are modeled by supercells with up to 160 atoms, and the vibrational densities of states were calculated by taking the Fourier transform of the velocity–velocity autocorrelation function from molecular dynamics simulations with larger supercells doubled in all three directions.

Novel Combinatorial Strategy Using Thermal Inkjet Bioprinting, Chemotherapy, and Radiation on Human Breast Cancer Cells; an In-Vitro Cell Viability Assessment.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) continues to have the second highest mortality amongst women in the United States after lung cancer. For 2021, the American Cancer Association predicted 281,550 new invasive breast cancer cases besides 49,290 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer and 43,600 deaths from the metastatic disease. A treatment modality is radiation therapy, which is given for local control as well as palliation of patient symptoms.