Interdisciplinary systems may restore the healthcare professional-patient relationship in electronic health systems.

Objective: To develop a framework that models the impact of electronic health record (EHR) systems on healthcare professionals' well-being and their relationships with patients, using interdisciplinary insights to guide machine learning in identifying value patterns important to healthcare professionals in EHR systems.

Materials And Methods: A theoretical framework of EHR systems' implementation was developed using interdisciplinary literature from healthcare, information systems, and management science focusing on the systems approach, clinical decision-making, and interface terminologies.

Observations: Healthcare professionals balance personal norms of narrative and data-driven communication in knowledge creation for EHRs by integrating detailed patient stories with structured data.

Perceptions of a faculty-trainee group mentorship program, the mentorship families program, in a residency training program: results from a cross-sectional survey.

Background: In residency programs, the availability of faculty mentors for traditional dyadic mentorship relationships may be limited. Few frameworks exist for mentorship programs with a combined faculty and peer mentorship approach. The authors developed the Mentorship Families Program (MFP), a faculty-resident group mentorship program within a psychiatry residency program to meet the need for mentorship for a large cohort of residents.

In-utero transfer, survival-focused care and survival to 28-days at 22-24 weeks' gestation pre- and post- implementation of an extreme prematurity management guideline in Victoria, Australia.

Background: Care for infants born at 22-24 weeks' gestation varies globally, with an increasing willingness to provide survival-focused ('active') care for infants born at 22 weeks' gestation in recent years. This study aims to report changes in care for infants born at 22-24 weeks before and after the introduction of a statewide guideline for extreme prematurity (EP).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all live births at 22-24 weeks in tertiary perinatal centres from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022 in Victoria, Australia.

Improving accuracy of outcome prediction for infants born extremely preterm using a digital tool: Translating 'NIC-PREDICT' into clinical practice, the first steps.

Background: Many clinicians overestimate mortality and disability rates in infants born extremely preterm. We developed a digital tool ('NIC-PREDICT') that predicts infant mortality and survival with and without major disability in infants born 23-27 weeks' gestation.

Aims: To determine if clinicians could use NIC-PREDICT accurately, and if their perceptions of infant outcomes improved after its release in 2021.

Efficacy of refrigerated gel packs for therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal retrieval: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of refrigerated gel packs in achieving and maintaining target temperature in neonates receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy during neonatal retrieval.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval, Victoria, Australia.

Host-directed therapy with amiodarone in preclinical models restricts mycobacterial infection and enhances autophagy.

Unlabelled: () as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens whose treatment is extensive and increasingly impaired due to the rise of mycobacterial drug resistance. The loss of antibiotic efficacy has raised interest in the identification of host-directed therapeutics (HDT) to develop novel treatment strategies for mycobacterial infections. In this study, we identified amiodarone as a potential HDT candidate that inhibited both intracellular and in primary human macrophages without directly impairing bacterial growth, thereby confirming that amiodarone acts in a host-mediated manner.

Deplete and repeat: microglial CSF1R inhibition and traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health burden affecting millions of people. Sustained neuroinflammation after TBI is often associated with poor outcome. As a result, increased attention has been placed on the role of immune cells in post-injury recovery.

"IT's too much to do alone": A mixed-methods exploration of patient experiences implementing emergency department management plans for chronic pain.

Objectives: To explore the experiences of socio-culturally diverse community members attempting to manage their chronic pain and enact evidence-based management plans following an index Emergency Department (ED) visit.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design with qualitative interviews and descriptive analysis was undertaken in two public hospitals in a multicultural region in Sydney, Australia. Consecutive adults were recruited from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD: n = 45) or Australian-born (n = 45) backgrounds, who presented to the ED for a chronic neuromusculoskeletal pain condition.

Neurosensory, cognitive and academic outcomes at 8 years in children born 22-23 weeks' gestation compared with more mature births.

Unlabelled: Despite providing intensive care to more infants born <24 weeks' gestation, data on school-age outcomes, critical for counselling and decision-making, are sparse.

Objective: To compare major neurosensory, cognitive and academic impairment among school-aged children born extremely preterm at 22-23 weeks' gestation (EP22-23) with those born 24-25 weeks (EP24-25), 26-27 weeks (EP26-27) and term (≥37 weeks).

Design: Three prospective longitudinal cohorts.

Higher versus lower nasal continuous positive airway pressure for extubation of extremely preterm infants in Australia (ÉCLAT): a multicentre, randomised, superiority trial.

Background: Extremely preterm infants often require invasive mechanical ventilation, and clinicians aim to extubate these infants as soon as possible. However, extubation failure occurs in up to 60% of extremely preterm infants and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is the most common post-extubation respiratory support, but there is no consensus on the optimal nCPAP level to safely avoid extubation failure in extremely preterm infants.

The effect of body mass index and preoperative weight loss in people with obesity on postoperative outcomes to 6 months following total hip or knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the association between obesity, preoperative weight loss and postoperative outcomes beyond 30- and 90-days post-arthroplasty. This study investigated whether body mass index (BMI) and preoperative weight loss in people with obesity predict postoperative complications and patient-reported outcomes 6 months following total knee or hip arthroplasty.

Methods: Two independent, prospectively collected datasets of people undergoing primary total knee or hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis between January 2013 and June 2018 at two public hospitals were merged.

A mixed methods approach to investigating physical activity in people with obesity participating in a chronic care programme awaiting total knee or hip arthroplasty.

Aims: To describe patient-reported physical activity and step count trajectory and explore perceived barriers and enablers to physical activity amongst people with obesity participating in a chronic care programme whilst awaiting arthroplasty.

Design: Convergent parallel mixed-method study.

Method: A patient cohort derived from a longitudinal sample of adults with end-stage osteoarthritis and obesity from a chronic care programme whilst awaiting primary total knee or hip arthroplasty (n = 97) was studied.

Why do some people with osteoarthritis and obesity awaiting hip or knee arthroplasty achieve successful weight management? A qualitative study.

Aim: To explore perceived barriers and enablers to weight management among people with obesity awaiting total knee or hip arthroplasty.

Design: A nested qualitative study within a multi-centre, quasi-experimental pilot study comparing usual care weight management to a dietitian-led weight-loss diet.

Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with adults with end-stage osteoarthritis and a body mass index ≥30 kg/m waitlisted for primary total knee or hip arthroplasty.

Taking the first step: protocol for a cluster randomised implementation trial comparing strategies on access to exercise programmes for people with knee osteoarthritis.

Introduction: This cluster randomised implementation trial will assess the effect of two behavioural change interventions on the proportion of people with structural knee osteoarthritis (OA) referred and attending exercise-based professionals (physiotherapists and exercise physiologists). The interventions are designed to increase awareness of guidelines, benefits and access pathways for exercise therapy. We hypothesise either strategy will result in more people with knee OA being referred and attending physiotherapy/exercise physiology than current standard of care.

Diagnostic accuracy of small-for-gestational-age status for infant mortality and school-age outcomes of live births <28 weeks' gestation: a cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th centile) status for infant mortality and adverse school-age outcomes in infants born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestation).

Design: Geographical cohort studies.

Setting: The state of Victoria, Australia.

Preliminary insights into patient preparedness for knee or hip arthroplasty: a descriptive survey study.

Objective: Knowledge-based preparedness for surgery is achieved through education. It is unclear which of brief or extended education programs prior to knee or hip arthroplasty provides better patient preparedness. Using the Patient Preparedness for Surgery survey, we investigated whether people awaiting arthroplasty attending a hospital that provided education over multiple visits via a pre-surgery management program ('Extended') report superior preparedness compared to those attending a hospital in the same health district that only provides education at the pre-admission clinic assessment ('Brief').

Technology Implementation for Mental Health End Users: A Model to Guide Digital Transformation for Inpatient Mental Health Professionals.

Digital transformation is the adoption of digital technologies by an entity in an effort to increase operational efficiency. In mental health care, digital transformation entails technology implementation to improve the quality of care and mental health outcomes. Most psychiatric hospitals rely heavily on "high-touch" interventions or those that require in-person, face-to-face interaction with the patient.

The feasibility of implementing a cultural mentoring program alongside pain management and physical rehabilitation for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: results of a controlled before-and-after pilot study.

Background: Culturally diverse communities face barriers managing chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions including navigation challenges, sub-optimal healthcare provider engagement and difficulty adopting self-management behaviours.

Objectives: To explore the feasibility and trends of effectiveness of implementing a cultural mentoring program alongside clinical service delivery.

Methods: This quasi-experimental controlled before-and-after multiple case study was conducted in three hospital-based services that provide treatment for patients with musculoskeletal pain.

A next-generation approach to mental health outcomes: Treatment, time, and trajectories.

Over the last several decades, inpatient psychiatric length of stay (LOS) has been greatly reduced to the detriment of patients. Latent variable mixture modeling, can be used to improve the quality of care for patients by identifying unobserved subgroups and optimize treatment variables, including LOS. This study had three objectives (1) to replicate the findings made by Oh et al.

Repurposing Tamoxifen as Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic for Tuberculosis.

The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) is aggravated by the continuously increasing emergence of drug resistance, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic options. The concept of host-directed therapy (HDT) as adjunctive to classical antibacterial therapy with antibiotics represents a novel and promising approach for treating TB. Here, we have focused on repurposing the clinically used anticancer drug tamoxifen, which was identified as a molecule with strong host-directed activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis ().

Trends in survival, perinatal morbidities and two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low-birthweight infants over four decades.

Background: Although outcomes for infants born extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g birthweight) have improved over time, it is important to document survival and morbidity changes following the advent of modern neonatal intensive care in the 1990s.

Objective: To describe trends in survival, perinatal outcomes and neurodevelopment to 2 years' corrected age over time across six discrete geographic cohorts born ELBW between 1979 and 2017.

Methods: Analysis of data from discrete population-based prospective cohort studies of all live births free of lethal anomalies with birthweight 500-999 g in the state of Victoria, Australia, over 6 eras: 1979-80, 1985-87, 1991-92, 1997, 2005 and 2016-17.