Effectiveness, safety, and cost of combination advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: A significant proportion of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients fail to respond to advanced therapies. Combining advanced therapies may improve treatment outcome. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, adverse events, and costs associated with combining advanced therapies in IBD patients.

Leveraging A Digital Pill System to Understand Prevention-Effective Adherence to Oral Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men with Substance Use.

Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIV prevention, though efficacy depends on adherence. Digital pill systems (DPS) can enable direct, real-time adherence measurement. HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) with substance use (excluding alcohol) utilized a DPS over 90 days and completed weekly surveys reporting sexual activity, condom use, and substance use.

The relationship between working memory and anxiety in individuals with early treated phenylketonuria (PKU).

Objective: Although early diagnosis and treatment prevent the severe impairments associated with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), individuals with early treated PKU (ETPKU) nonetheless experience significant neurocognitive and psychological sequelae, including difficulties in working memory (WM) and increased risk of anxiety. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which anxiety may moderate the relationship between ETPKU and WM performance.

Method: A sample of 40 adults with ETPKU and a demographically comparable sample of 40 healthy adults without PKU completed a comprehensive assessment of WM performance and anxiety symptomatology.

Total choline intake and working memory performance in adults with phenylketonuria.

Background: Despite early diagnosis and compliance with phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diets, many individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) still exhibit neurological changes and experience deficits in working memory and other executive functions. Suboptimal choline intake may contribute to these impairments, but this relationship has not been previously investigated in PKU. The objective of this study was to determine if choline intake is correlated with working memory performance, and if this relationship is modified by diagnosis and metabolic control.

A systematic review of the effect of structured exercise on inflammation and body composition in inflammatory bowel disease.

Purpose: Given the substantial risk of treatment failure in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), adjuvant therapies may play a role in disease management. We aim to carry out a systematic review to examine the effects of structured exercise on the inflammatory response in patients with IBD. Our secondary aim is to examine the effect of structured exercise programmes on body composition given both an increase in visceral obesity and the presence of sarcopenia have deleterious effects on outcomes in IBD.

Higher Ustekinumab Levels in Maintenance Therapy are Associated with Greater Mucosal Healing and Mucosal Response in Crohn's Disease: An Experience of 2 IBD Centers.

Background: Ustekinumab (UST), a human monoclonal antibody that binds the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-23, is licensed for induction and maintenance therapy of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, there is limited data published on any potential association between ustekinumab serum trough levels and mucosal healing in order to guide treatment strategies and appropriate dosing.

Aim: This study aims to identify a relationship between maintenance ustekinumab serum trough levels and mucosal healing and/or response in patients with Crohn's disease in an observational cohort study.

Starving for knowledge. Addressing the place of clinical nutrition within undergraduate and postgraduate clinical training: A national survey of practicing clinicians.

Introduction: Clinical Nutrition is finding its place within medical training. In response to IrSPEN's objectives and ESPEN's manifesto, IrSPEN distributed an electronic survey investigating attitudes to Clinical Nutrition and unmet educational needs.

Methods: A 35-part questionnaire was designed and distributed to clinicians in Ireland.

Rare earth element separations by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Following the initial development of High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC) in the 1960s, several studies have explored its applicability in the separation of rare earth elements (REEs). More recently, however, HSCCC publications have transitioned towards the separation of natural products or pharmaceuticals, leaving the application for REEs largely unexplored from a practical standpoint. Herein, we expand upon prior work in this field by evaluating the suitability of HSCCC to separation of a subset of non-radioactive REEs (Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, and Y) at 10 mol levels using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in n-heptane as the stationary phase and hydrochloric acid as the mobile phase.

"Role of exercise in preventing and restoring gut dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease": A letter to the editor.

Exercise-induced changes of the microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a promising field of research with the potential for personalized exercise regimes as a promising therapeutic adjunct for restoring gut dysbiosis and additionally for regulating immunometabolic pathways in the management of IBD patients. Structured exercise programmes in IBD patients of at least of 12 wk duration are more likely to result in disease-altering changes in the gut microbiome and to harness potential anti-inflammatory effects through these changes along with immunometabolic pathways.

Visceral adiposity and inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Rates of obesity are increasing worldwide, as is the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Obesity is now considered an inflammatory state. Visceral adiposity in particular may be associated with a more severe inflammatory phenotype in IBD.

Current concepts in the rehabilitation of rotator cuff related disorders.

Rotator cuff related disorders (RCRD) are common. Exercise-based rehabilitation can improve outcomes, yet uncertainty exists regarding the characteristics of these exercises. This scoping review paper summarises the key characteristics of the exercise-based rehabilitation of rotator cuff related disorders (RCRD).

The optimal management of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab and identification of anti-drug antibody values for clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Purpose: Secondary loss of response (LOR) to infliximab (IFX) commonly occurs. One cause is the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). Evidence regarding the optimal management of ADAs is lacking.

Aortic calcification is associated with non-infective rather than infective postoperative complications following colorectal cancer resection: an observational cohort study.

Objectives: Complications following colorectal cancer resection are common. The degree of aortic calcification (AC) on CT has been proposed as a predictor of complications, particularly anastomotic leak. This study assessed the relationship between AC and complications in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection.

Systemic iron reduction by venesection alters the gut microbiome in patients with haemochromatosis.

Background & Aims: Iron reduction by venesection has been the cornerstone of treatment for haemochromatosis for decades, and its reported health benefits are many. Repeated phlebotomy can lead to a compensatory increase in intestinal iron absorption, reducing intestinal iron availability. Given that most gut bacteria are highly dependent on iron for survival, we postulated that, by reducing gut iron levels, venesection could alter the gut microbiota.

A large-scale database of T-cell receptor beta (TCRβ) sequences and binding associations from natural and synthetic exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

We describe the establishment and current content of the ImmuneCODE™ database, which includes hundreds of millions of T-cell Receptor (TCR) sequences from over 1,400 subjects exposed to or infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as over 135,000 high-confidence SARS-CoV-2-specific TCRs. This database is made freely available, and the data contained in it can be downloaded and analyzed online or offline to assist with the global efforts to understand the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and develop new interventions.

Persistent Diarrhea in Patients With Crohn's Disease After Mucosal Healing Is Associated With Lower Diversity of the Intestinal Microbiome and Increased Dysbiosis.

Background & Aims: In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), symptoms do not always associate with the severity of endoscopic inflammation and can persist after mucosal healing. We investigated whether symptoms in patients with successfully treated IBD are related to the composition of the intestinal microbiome.

Methods: We analyzed 590 tissue biopsy specimens from 215 patients with IBD and 48 healthy individuals (controls).

Identification of Target Golimumab Levels in Maintenance Therapy of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Associated With Mucosal Healing.

Introduction: Golimumab is approved as a therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Recent data also demonstrate efficacy in Crohn's disease (CD); however, little is known about target drug levels to achieve endoscopic remission.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of IBD patients on maintenance golimumab.