Low-Dose Radiation Induces Alterations in Fatty Acid and Tyrosine Metabolism in the Mouse Hippocampus: Insights from Integrated Multiomics.

In recent years, there has been a drastic surge in neurological disorders with sporadic cases contributing more than ever to their cause. Radiation exposure through diagnostic or therapeutic routes often results in neurological injuries that may lead to neurodegenerative pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the neurological impact of exposure to near-low doses of ionizing radiation are not known.

Low-dose exposure to malathion and radiation results in the dysregulation of multiple neuronal processes, inducing neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in mouse.

Neurodegenerative disorders are a debilitating and persistent threat to the global elderly population, carrying grim outcomes. Their genesis is often multifactorial, with a history of prior exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides, heavy metals, enviornmental pollutants, ionizing radiation etc,. A holistic molecular insight into their mechanistic induction upon single or combinatorial exposure to different toxicants is still unclear.

Full Factorial Design for Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Timolol Maleate in Surfactant-Based Elastic Nano-Vesicular Systems.

A novel isocratic stability-indicating chromatographic method was developed, optimized and validated using Design-Expert® following ICH guidelines for the quantification of Timolol maleate (TM). The intrinsic stability of TM was assessed by force degradation studies, which concluded no extensive degradation except under alkaline and oxidative conditions. TM was quantified accurately in the surfactant-based elastic vesicular system by separating it on Hypersil BDS C8 column using triethylamine in H2O (0.

Mangiferin, a naturally occurring polyphenol, mitigates oxidative stress induced premature senescence in human dermal fibroblast cells.

Chronic oxidative stress has been associated with several human ailments including the condition of aging. Extensive studies have shown the causal relationship between oxidative stress, aging, and cellular senescence. In this regard, forestalling or preventing senescence could delay the aging process as well as act as an intervention against premature aging.

Photobiomodulation invigorating collagen deposition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki67 expression during dermal wound repair in mice.

The present investigation focuses on understanding the role of photobiomodulation in enhancing tissue proliferation. Circular excision wounds of diameter 1.5 cm were created on Swiss albino mice and treated immediately with 2 J/cm and 10 J/cm single exposures of the Helium-Neon laser along with sham-irradiated controls.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) based gene silencing strategies for the treatment of glaucoma: Recent advancements and future perspectives.

RNA-interference-based mechanisms, especially the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), have been under investigation for the treatment of several ailments and have shown promising results for ocular diseases including glaucoma. The eye, being a confined compartment, serves as a good target for the delivery of siRNAs. This review focuses on siRNA-based strategies for gene silencing to treat glaucoma.

Neuroprotection: A versatile approach to combat glaucoma.

In most retinal diseases, neuronal loss is the main cause of vision loss. Neuroprotection is the alteration of neurons and/or their environment to encourage the survival and function of the neurons, especially in environments that are deleterious to the neuronal health. The area of neuroprotection progresses with a therapeutically-based hope of improving vision and clinical outcomes for patients through the developments in neurotrophic therapy, antioxidative therapy, anti-excitotoxic, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic care.

Systemic Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Copper Sulfate.

Acceleration in development of metallic nanoparticles for their utility in medical and technological applications due to their unique physicochemical properties has concurrently raised a matter of concern due to their potential toxicity. Of the enormous metallic nanostructures, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) having optical and electrochemical properties are scrutinized for theranostic applications. Therefore, their safety profile is of a major concern in optimizing a safe dose for its clinical utility.

Laser-induced autofluorescence-based objective evaluation of burn tissue repair in mice.

Management of burn injuries are a growing concern, especially in determining the progression of healing. Several techniques are being practiced in clinics and have been considered all-time standard approaches to determine pre- and post-treatment outcomes of a healthy healing. However, these kinds of methods involve repeated biopsies and thereby hindering tissue repair.

A polymeric temozolomide nanocomposite against orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft: tumor-specific homing directed by nestin.

The development of effective therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma faces challenges such as modulating the blood brain barrier (BBB) for drug influx and selectively targeting tumor cells. Nanocarrier drug delivery strategies are functionalized to enhance vascular permeability. We engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) based polymeric nanocomposites (84.

Naringin abates adverse effects of cadmium-mediated hepatotoxicity: An experimental study using HepG2 cells.

This study investigated the protective potential of Naringin (NIN) against cadmium chloride (CdCl ) mediated hepatotoxicity using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. An optimal concentration of NIN (5 μM) was potent enough to confer cytoprotection against CdCl (50 μM) as was observed by MTT assay. Preconditioning with NIN maintained redox homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced apoptosis as marked by decrease in the percentage sub-G /G and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide positive cells (apoptotic).

Identification of protein secondary structures by laser induced autofluorescence: A study of urea and GnHCl induced protein denaturation.

In the present study an attempt has been made to interrogate the bulk secondary structures of some selected proteins (BSA, HSA, lysozyme, trypsin and ribonuclease A) under urea and GnHCl denaturation using laser induced autofluorescence. The proteins were treated with different concentrations of urea (3M, 6M, 9M) and GnHCl (2M, 4M, 6M) and the corresponding steady state autofluorescence spectra were recorded at 281nm pulsed laser excitations. The recorded fluorescence spectra of proteins were then interpreted based on the existing PDB structures of the proteins and the Trp solvent accessibility (calculated using "Scratch protein predictor" at 30% threshold).

Photo-biomodulatory response of low-power laser irradiation on burn tissue repair in mice.

The present work reports the photo-biomodulatory effect of red (632.8 nm) and near infrared (785 and 830 nm) lasers on burn injury in Swiss albino mice. Animals were induced with a 15-mm full thickness burn injury and irradiated with various fluences (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 J/cm) of each laser wavelength under study having a constant fluence rate (8.

Polymorphisms in double strand break repair related genes influence radiosensitivity phenotype in lymphocytes from healthy individuals.

Background: A range of individual radiosensitivity observed in humans can influence individual's susceptibility toward cancer risk and radiotherapy outcome. Therefore, it is important to measure the variation in radiosensitivity and to identify the genetic factors influencing it.

Methods: By adopting a pathway specific genotype-phenotype design, we established the variability in cellular radiosensitivity by performing γ-H2AX foci assay in healthy individuals.

Monitoring breast tumor progression by photoacoustic measurements: a xenograft mice model study.

The current study reports the photoacoustic spectroscopy-based assessment of breast tumor progression in a nude mice xenograft model. The tumor was induced through subcutaneous injection of MCF-7 cells in female nude mice and was monitored for 20 days until the tumor volume reached 1000  mm3. The tumor tissues were extracted at three different time points (days 10, 15, and 20) after tumor inoculation and subjected to photoacoustic spectral recordings in time domain ex vivo at 281 nm pulsed laser excitations.

Radio-modifying potential of Saraca indica against ionizing radiation: an in vitro study using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells.

This study demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of extracts prepared from stem bark of Saraca indica (SI) against X-rays induced cellular damage, which was evaluated by a battery of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptotic, and biochemical assays using Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79) cells. Cell viability and surviving fraction were increased significantly when V79 cells were preconditioned with optimal concentration of hydroalcoholic extract (HE; 50 μg/mL) of SI for 2 h prior exposure to X-rays. Radiation induced cellular damage was correlated with a significant elevation in intracellular ROS and increased mitochondrial depolarization and loss of intracellular antioxidant enzymes.

Assessment of genotoxic effect of maleic acid and EDTA: a comparative in vitro experimental study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the genotoxic and apoptotic effect of aqueous solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with that of maleic acid (MA) using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells growing in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Exponentially growing V79 cells were treated with various concentrations of EDTA or MA alone for 30 min, and genotoxic effect was analyzed by micronucleus as well as comet assays and the type of cell death by apoptotic cell measurements using microscopic and flow cytometric methods. For all the experiments, H2O2 was used as a positive control.