Ultrasonic Activation of Persulfate for the Removal of BPA in 20, 28, and 300 kHz Systems.

The effect of ultrasound (US) on persulfate (PS) activation was investigated to determine whether acoustic cavitation can effectively induce PS activation for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation at 20, 28, and 300 kHz under various temperature conditions. The optimal liquid volume in the vessel was geometrically determined to be 400, 900, and 420 mL at 20, 28, and 300 kHz, respectively, using KI dosimetry and sonochemiluminescence image analysis. The pseudo-1st-order reaction kinetic constants in the only PS, only US, and US/PS processes at 20, 28, and 300 kHz were obtained under 5-10 ℃, 15-20 ℃, 25-30 ℃, 45-50 ℃, 55-60 ℃, and no temperature control conditions.