First Report of Rust Disease on Caused by in Korea.

, in the family Malvaceae, is a biennial plant native to China and is grown typically for gardening in Korea (Lee 2003). Seven microcyclic species have been reported on (Demers et al. 2015; Aime and Abbasi 2018).

Associated with White Smut-like Disease on and in Korea.

A fungus of the genus , found on leaves of and exhibiting white smut-like symptoms, was identified as based on morphological characteristics and two rDNA sequence analyses. We report the novel occurrence of the genus in Korea and the association of with the host plant species. As well, we provide the necessary mycological information to resolve species delimitation and taxonomic problems of .

on : Confirmation in the Korean Peninsula after 82 Years and the First Record in South Korea.

has been recorded on several species of in China, Japan, Russia (Far East), and North Korea since its first recorded observation as a rust fungus on in Jilin, China, in 1899. In the Korean Peninsula, the rust fungus was first recorded on in 1935, based on four specimens collected at Mt. Kumgangsan, Gangwondo Province, in the North Korean territory.

Transcriptome analyses of the ginseng root rot pathogens and to identify radicicol resistance mechanisms.

Background: The ascomycete fungi (Cd) and (Fs) cause ginseng root rot and significantly reduce the quality and yield of ginseng. Cd produces the secondary metabolite radicicol, which targets the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Fs is resistant to radicicol, whereas other fungal genera associated with ginseng disease are sensitive to it.

Stress Tolerance and Virulence-Related Roles of Lipopolysaccharide in .

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composed of lipid A, core, and O-antigen is the fundamental constituent of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria. This study was conducted to investigate the roles of LPS in , the phytopathogen causing bacterial panicle blight and seedling rot in rice. To study the roles of the core oligosaccharide (OS) and the O-antigen region, mutant strains targeting the and the genes were generated.

Survival Factor Gene Is Required for Normal Growth and Stress Resistance in .

Survival factor 1 (Svf1) is a protein involved in cell survival pathways. In , Svf1 is required for the diauxic growth shift and survival under stress conditions. In this study, we characterized the role of , the homolog in the homothallic ascomycete fungus .

Efficacy of Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride (DPIC) Against Diverse Plant Pathogens.

Many of the fungicides and antibiotics currently available against plant pathogens are of limited use due to the emergence of resistant strains. In this study, we examined the effects of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPIC), an inhibitor of the superoxide producing enzyme NADPH oxidase, against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. We found that DPIC inhibits fungal spore germination and bacterial cell proliferation.

Functional characterization of a putative DNA methyltransferase, EadM, in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines by proteomic and phenotypic analyses.

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing bacterial pustule disease in soybean. Functions of DNA methyltransferases have been characterized in animal pathogenic bacteria, but are poorly understood in plant pathogens.

Cooperative interactions between seed-borne bacterial and air-borne fungal pathogens on rice.

Bacterial-fungal interactions are widely found in distinct environments and contribute to ecosystem processes. Previous studies of these interactions have mostly been performed in soil, and only limited studies of aerial plant tissues have been conducted. Here we show that a seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, Burkholderia glumae (Bg), and an air-borne plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum (Fg), interact to promote bacterial survival, bacterial and fungal dispersal, and disease progression on rice plants, despite the production of antifungal toxoflavin by Bg.

Identification of Genes Related to Fungicide Resistance in .

We identified two genes related to fungicide resistance in through random mutagenesis. Targeted gene deletions showed that survival factor 1 deletion resulted in higher sensitivity to fungicides, while deletion of the gene encoding F-box/WD-repeat protein increased resistance, suggesting that the genes affect fungicide resistance in different ways.

Transcriptome analyses to understand effects of the Fusarium deoxynivalenol and nivalenol mycotoxins on Escherichia coli.

Fusarium spp. cause many diseases in farming systems and can produce diverse mycotoxins that can easily impact humans and animals through the ingestion of food and feed. Among these mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) are considered the most important hazards because they can rapidly diffuse into cells and block eukaryotic ribosomes, leading to inhibition of the translation system.

A Putative Transcription Factor pcs1 Positively Regulates Both Conidiation and Sexual Reproduction in the Cereal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum.

The plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight in cereal crops and produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and humans. For the initiation and spread of disease, asexual and sexual reproduction is required. Therefore, studies on fungal reproduction contribute to the development of new methods to control and maintain the fungal population.

Development of a Selective Medium for the Fungal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum Using Toxoflavin Produced by the Bacterial Pathogen Burkholderia glumae.

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent for Fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and zearalenone. Isolation of the fungal strains from air or cereals can be hampered by various other airborne fungal pathogens and saprophytic fungi. In this study, we developed a selective medium specific to F.

Microcyle conidiation in filamentous fungi.

The typical life cycle of filamentous fungi commonly involves asexual sporulation after vegetative growth in response to environmental factors. The production of asexual spores is critical in the life cycle of most filamentous fungi. Normally, conidia are produced from vegetative hyphae (termed mycelia).

Biological Efficacy of Streptomyces sp. Strain BN1 against the Cereal Head Blight Pathogen Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum is one of the most severe diseases threatening the production of small grains. Infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as zearalenone and trichothecences. During survey of contamination by FHB in rice grains, we found a bacterial isolate, designated as BN1, antagonistic to F.