[Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for heart diseases].

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NОАСs) are highly effective drugs that prevent venous thrombosis and stroke in atrial fibrillation. Their use has difficulties that are associated with the need for laboratory control and with the influence of many factors on the activity of these medications. The emerged direct oral anticoagulants have some advantages over NOACs.

Global assays of fibrinolysis.

Fibrinolysis is an important and integral part of the hemostatic system. Acting as a balance to blood coagulation, the fibrinolytic system protects the body from unwanted thrombus formation and occlusion of blood vessels. As long as blood coagulation and fibrinolysis remain in equilibrium, response to injury, such as vessel damage, is appropriately regulated.

[INFLAMMATION AND HEMOCOAGULATION].

Problems of inflammation are extensively studied all over the world. Its mechanisms are known to involve hundreds of factors. The blood coagulation system is a major component of each living organism.

[ANTICOAGULANTS TODAY].

A review of modern concepts of clinical application of anti-thrombotic drugs, such as heparins, antivitamins K, oral anticoagulants, and thrombolytics is presented.

[New anticoagulants in clinical practice. Effectiveness and problems].

We analyze the effectiveness of new oral anticoagulants and antivitamins K for the treatment of patients with venous problems, atrial fibrillation, and acute coronary syndrome with reference to advantages of this therapy and methods of prevention of complications of these conditions.

[Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism in elderly patients].

We compared the efficiency of treatment of 99 patientswith pulmonary thromboembolism using thrombolytic agents, surgical intervention, and anticoagulation therapy with heparin and vitamins K. The surgical treatment proved more efficient than the two other options.

[ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM].

This article deals with debatable problems of etiology, pathogenesis, and classification of hypertensive disease including essential kypertension, hypertonic crisis and methods of treatment of these conditions.

[The metabolic syndrome].

This paper expounds the author's view of metabolic syndrome and its components based on the extensive personal experience

[Modern approaches to the treatment of primary arterial hypertension].

Modern approaches to the treatment of primary arterial hypertension are considered based on the results of multicenter randomized studies, their meta-analysis, and recommendations of scientific societies.

[What are thrombophilias to-day?].

Modern concepts of thrombophilia, its role in pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombosis are discussed. The author's view of further development of this issue is expounded.

[Intensity of intravascular microcoagulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with atherotrombosis and thrombophilia].

The growing occurrence of thrombophilic conditions in recent years, the discovery of new forms of thrombophilia, the involvement of intravascular microcoagulation in the development of many diseases make their study of primary importance especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherothrombosis. Such investigations would facilitate a deeper understanding of the detailed mechanisms of thrombosis in these patients and thereby contribute to the optimization of their treatment and prevention.

[Therapeutic strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation--ciliary arrhythmia].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest heart arrhythmia with the estimated incidence of 1-2%. It affects over 6 mln persons in Europe, its prevalence is expected to be twice the current level within the next 50 years. AF is known to increase the risk of ischemic stroke by five times and be the cause of each fifth stroke.

[Thromboses and antithrombotic therapy today].

Current understanding of importance and danger of atherothrombosis and venous thromboembolism is illustrated. New preparations and methods for the management of these conditions are described.

Detection of disseminated intravascular coagulation with the help of the conception of constant intravascular microcoagulation.

The possibility of intravascular blood coagulation existence in the microvascular vessels and capillaries without the presence of a large thrombus in the arteries and veins has been known from the middle of 19th century. It is impossible to know exactly about the prevalence of this pathology, because there is a jumble in terminology that does not help statistics to be exact. One of the reasons of so high mortality from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is due to the impossibility to always make exact diagnosis, and as M.

[Stroke in the clinical practice of a therapist].

The stroke resulting in serious neurologic deficit is the third most frequent cause of death and loss of working ability. In 60-65% of the cases, it is provoked by atherothrombosis located in aortic arch, common and internal carotid arteries. Thromboembolism of cerebral vessels originating in heart cavities is responsible for 15-18% of the cases.

[Atherothrombosis: state-of-the-art review and approaches to the problem].

Acute ischemia resulting from arterial lesions poses a real threat to mankind. The concept of atherothrombosis aims to unite doctors of different specialities to combat this pathology; it suggests active exchange of experience in the management of aherothrombosis between representatives of different medical disciplines. The concept is expected to promote treatment of the patients.

[The activity of Willebrand factor--glycoproteins IIb/IIIa complex in patients with coronary and low extremity arterial atherothrombosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus].

A lot of attention has been paid lately to the study of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Numerous investigations have revealed a connection between the intensity of thrombus formation and carbohydrate exchange disturbances. In the present paper, the dependence of the levels of Willebrand factor--glycoproteins IIb/IIIa complex on the clinical forms of coronary artery disease (I-II functional class stenocardia; old myocardial infarction) and lower limb ischemic disease (intermittent claudication) in patients with DM2 were studied.

[Antiphospholipid syndrome: modern problems].

The article describes the historical aspects of the formation of the notion antiphospholipid syndrome (AFS) as well as the development of the conception of its clinical symptoms and laboratory tests confirming the diagnosis. Special attention is paid to the modern interpretation of the notion of AFS, which excludes a number of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests and defines more clearly the use of the rest of clinical and laboratory signs. Theoretical concepts of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of this disease and its association with congenital thrombofilias are adduced.

[Fibrinogens and their role in atherogenesis in diabetes mellitus].

In the recent years, measurement of blood level of fibrinogen has been treated very seriously and this parameter has been considered an individual cardiovascular risk factor. A correlation between serum fibrinogen and the frequency of acute myocardial or cerebral ischemia has been found in a large number of studies. A distinct association between a high fibrinogen level and vascular complications in diabetic patients has been revealed as well.

[Carbohydrate exchange in patients with acute coronary syndrome].

Blood sugar measurement may be important for determining therapeutic tactics in patients in urgent pathological conditions. The role of hyperglycemia in the development of acute myocardial ischemia is under constant study, because the risk of death from myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is twice higher than in those who do not suffer from DM. Having studied literature data, presented in the article, the authors report preliminary results of their work.

[Thrombus precursor protein (soluble monomeric protein) in patients with acute coronary syndrome].

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of thrombus precursor protein (TrP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Twenty-six patients with ACS and anginal pain experienced during 2 to 12 hours (7.2 +/- 1.

[Present-day problems of venous thromboses].

Venous thrombosis (VT) is a frequent pathology associated with a high mortality. A high risk of VT is associated with a variety of diseases, syndromes, and situations, connected with a congenital predisposition (thrombophilia) or not. Clinical and instrumental data in VT are non-specific.