Serum SELENBP1 and VCL Are Effective Biomarkers for Clinical and Forensic Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Spasm.

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many ischemic heart entities; however, there are no established diagnostic biomarkers for CAS in clinical and forensic settings. This present study aimed to identify such serum biomarkers by establishing a rabbit CAS provocation model and integrating quantitative serum proteomics, parallel reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Our results suggested that SELENBP1 and VCL were potential candidate biomarkers for CAS.

Coronary Artery Spasm: Risk Factors, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic Approaches.

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a transient reversible subtotal or complete occlusion induced by coronary hypercontraction and the critical cause of myocardial ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the past decades, our knowledge of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of CAS have been increasingly progressed, and various diagnostic approaches, including imaging technologies and novel biomarkers, have been proposed to serve well to diagnose CAS clinically. This review aims to summarize these research progresses on the risk factors of CAS and introduce current knowledge about the mechanisms accounting for CAS, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell hyperreactivity, and adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation.

Valosin Containing Protein as a Specific Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Complication.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) consists of a range of acute myocardial ischemia-related manifestations. The adverse events of ACS are usually associated with ventricular dysfunction (VD), which could finally develop to heart failure. Currently, there is no satisfactory indicator that could specifically predict the development of ACS and its prognosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related secretory proteins as biomarkers of early myocardial ischemia-induced sudden cardiac deaths.

Early myocardial ischemia-induced sudden cardiac deaths (EMI-SCD) remain a great diagnostic challenge for forensic pathologists due to no gross or non-specific histological pathology. The goal of this study was to assess whether three secretory proteins, related with cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress, can be applied in forensic diagnosis of EMI-SCD. These markers included LMAN2, CAPN-1, and VCP and were compared with two clinically used markers (CK-MB and cTnI).