Citreicella aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated AD8(T), was isolated from a tidal flat of the Taean coast in South Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile, ovoid rods or rods, with two lateral flagella on one side. Strain AD8(T) was catalase- and oxidase-positive and able to oxidize thiosulfate and reduce nitrate to nitrite.

Jejuia pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater.

An aerobic, pale-orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain EM39T, was isolated from seawater from the eastern coast of Jeju Island, Korea, and its taxonomic status was established using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies revealed that strain EM39T formed a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae and could be distinguished from strains of members of the related genera Gaetbulibacter, Mariniflexile and Tamlana by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (similarity values between strain EM39T and related strains were all less than 93.8%).

Mucilaginibacter oryzae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy.

A Gram-negative-staining, non-spore-forming bacterium devoid of flagella, designated strain B9(T), was isolated from rice paddy soil associated with the roots of Oryza sativa collected from Jinju, South Korea. Cells were straight rods, were catalase- and oxidase-positive and were able to hydrolyse pectin, xylan and laminarin. Growth of strain B9(T) was observed between 15 and 35 degrees C (optimum 25-30 degrees C) and between pH 5.

Cellulophaga tyrosinoxydans sp. nov., a tyrosinase-producing bacterium isolated from seawater.

An aerobic, gliding, yellow-pigmented bacterium lacking flagella and showing strong tyrosinase activity, designated strain EM41(T), was isolated from seawater on the eastern coast of Jeju Island in Korea. Growth was observed at 15-35 degrees C (optimum, 25-30 degrees C) and at pH 6.5-9.

Zoogloea caeni sp. nov., a floc-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge.

Two floc-forming, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, strains EMB43(T) and EMB61, obtained from activated sludge of a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Korea, were characterized. The two strains were very closely related, sharing 99.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and showing a level of DNA-DNA relatedness of 93 %, which suggests that they represent members of a single species.

Paenibacillus harenae sp. nov., isolated from desert sand in China.

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain B519T, was isolated from a desert sand sample of Gansu Province, China. Strain B519T was strictly aerobic and cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The strain grew optimally at 32-35 degrees C and pH 6.

Rheinheimera soli sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from soil in Korea.

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain BD-d46(T), was isolated from a playground soil sample in Jinju, South Korea. Cells were straight or curved rods and showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. Growth of strain BD-d46(T) was observed between 15 and 35 degrees C (optimum 25-30 degrees C) and between pH 6.

Influence of soil components on the biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylenes by the newly isolated bacterium Pseudoxanthomonas spadix BD-a59.

A bacterium designated strain BD-a59, able to degrade all six benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene (BTEX) compounds, was isolated by plating gasoline-contaminated sediment from a gasoline station in Geoje, Republic of Korea, without enrichment, on minimal salts basal (MSB) agar containing 0.01% yeast extract, with BTEX as the sole carbon and energy source. Taxonomic analyses showed that the isolate belonged to Pseudoxanthomonas spadix, and until now, the genus Pseudoxanthomonas has not included any known BTEX degraders.

Devosia geojensis sp. nov., isolated from diesel-contaminated soil in Korea.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain BD-c194(T), was isolated from diesel-contaminated soil in Geoje, Korea. The cells were short, motile rods with single polar flagella. Growth of strain BD-c194(T) was observed between 15 and 45 degrees C (optimally at 30-35 degrees C) and between pH 6.

Runella defluvii sp. nov., isolated from a domestic wastewater treatment plant.

A long, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain EMB13T, was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Korea. The isolate was strictly aerobic and non-motile. The strain grew optimally at 30-35 degrees C and pH 7.

Hydrogenophaga caeni sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain EMB71(T), was isolated from activated sludge used for enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor. The cells of the isolate were facultatively aerobic, motile rods with single polar flagella. Growth was observed to occur at 15-35 degrees C (optimally at 30 degrees C) and at pH 6.

Simplicispira limi sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain EMB325(T), was isolated from activated sludge that performed enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor. The predominant fatty acids of strain EMB325(T) were summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH), C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)omega7c and C(18 : 1)omega7c 11-methyl. The strain contained phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as polar lipids.

Flavobacterium croceum sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain EMB47(T), was isolated from activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor. Growth was observed between 10 and 40 degrees C (optimum, 25-35 degrees C) and between pH 5.0 and 8.