Kinesin-5/Cut7 C-terminal tail phosphorylation is essential for microtubule sliding force and bipolar mitotic spindle assembly.

Kinesin-5 motors play an essential role during mitotic spindle assembly in many organisms: they crosslink antiparallel spindle microtubules, step toward plus ends, and slide the microtubules apart. This activity separates the spindle poles and chromosomes. Kinesin-5s are not only plus-end-directed but can walk or be carried toward MT minus ends, where they show enhanced localization.

Associations between moral disengagement and prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on the extent of the association between moral disengagement (MD) and prosocial behavior (PB) and antisocial behavior (AB) in sport.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Seven databases were systematically searched and literature screening.

Early-life body mass index and the risk of six cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian Randomization study.

Background: Observational studies consistently indicate an association between early-life body mass index (BMI) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to assess the causal relationship between early-life BMI and six types of CVDs using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.

Enhancing Few-Shot Learning in Lightweight Models via Dual-Faceted Knowledge Distillation.

In recent computer vision research, the pursuit of improved classification performance often leads to the adoption of complex, large-scale models. However, the actual deployment of such extensive models poses significant challenges in environments constrained by limited computing power and storage capacity. Consequently, this study is dedicated to addressing these challenges by focusing on innovative methods that enhance the classification performance of lightweight models.

Bacterial efflux pump modulators prevent bacterial growth in macrophages and under broth conditions that mimic the host environment.

Bacterial efflux pumps are critical for resistance to antibiotics and for virulence. We previously identified small molecules that inhibit efflux pumps (efflux pump modulators, EPMs) and prevent pathogen replication in host cells. Here, we used medicinal chemistry to increase the activity of the EPMs against pathogens in cells into the nanomolar range.

Physical activity, problematic smartphone use, and burnout among Chinese college students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA), problematic smartphone use (PSU), and burnout, as well as to identify whether there is a mediating role for PSU. We recruited 823 college students ( = 18.55, = 0.

Electrostatic force promoted intermolecular stacking of polymer donors toward 19.4% efficiency binary organic solar cells.

Conjugated polymers are generally featured with low structural order due to their aromatic and irregular structural units, which limits their light absorption and charge mobility in organic solar cells. In this work, we report a conjugated molecule INMB-F that can act as a molecular bridge via electrostatic force to enhance the intermolecular stacking of BDT-based polymer donors toward efficient and stable organic solar cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and synchrotron X-ray measurements reveal that the electronegative INMB-F adsorb on the electropositive main chain of polymer donors to increase the donor-donor interactions, leading to enhanced structural order with shortened π-π stacking distance and consequently enhanced charge transport ability.

Bacterial Efflux Pump Modulators Prevent Bacterial Growth in Macrophages and Under Broth Conditions that Mimic the Host Environment.

New approaches for combatting microbial infections are needed. One strategy for disrupting pathogenesis involves developing compounds that interfere with bacterial virulence. A critical molecular determinant of virulence for Gram-negative bacteria are efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family, which includes AcrAB-TolC.

Distinct regions of the kinesin-5 C-terminal tail are essential for mitotic spindle midzone localization and sliding force.

Kinesin-5 motor proteins play essential roles during mitosis in most organisms. Their tetrameric structure and plus-end-directed motility allow them to bind to and move along antiparallel microtubules, thereby pushing spindle poles apart to assemble a bipolar spindle. Recent work has shown that the C-terminal tail is particularly important to kinesin-5 function: The tail affects motor domain structure, ATP hydrolysis, motility, clustering, and sliding force measured for purified motors, as well as motility, clustering, and spindle assembly in cells.

Reexamining the Role of Solution-Cast Ferroelectric Polymer Interlayer toward Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Conventional Organic Solar Cells.

Interfacial modification is crucial for achieving efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ,-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution-cast poly(vinylidene fluoride--trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) interlayer was applied to enhance the efficiency and stability of a range of OSCs, and the underlying mechanism was revealed via morphological and device physics studies. DMF rinse during the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer casting process strengthens π-π stacking of the active layer with fibril aggregation, optimized phase separation, and vertical component distribution, while the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer with rich diploes contributes to increased surface potential and internal electric field.

A Polycrystalline Polymer Donor as Pre-Aggregate toward Ordered Molecular Aggregation for 19.3% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells.

Organic semiconductors are generally featured with low structure order in solid-state films, which leads to low charge-transport mobility and strong charge recombination in their photovoltaic devices. In this work, a "polycrystal-induced aggregation" strategy orders the polymer donor (PM6) and non-fullerene acceptor (L8-BO) molecules during solution casting with the assistance of PM6 polycrystals that are incubated through a vapor diffusion method, toward improved solar cell efficiency with either thin or thick photoactive layers. These PM6 polycrystals are redissolved in chloroform to prepare PM6 pre-aggregates (PM6-PA), and further incorporated into the conventional PM6:L8-BO blend solutions, which is found to prolong the molecular organization process and enhance the aggregation of both the PM6 and the L8-BO components.

Distinct regions of the kinesin-5 C-terminal tail are essential for mitotic spindle midzone localization and sliding force.

Kinesin-5 motor proteins play essential roles during mitosis in most organisms. Their tetrameric structure and plus-end-directed motility allow them to bind to and move along antiparallel microtubules, thereby pushing spindle poles apart to assemble a bipolar spindle. Recent work has shown that the C-terminal tail is particularly important to kinesin-5 function: the tail affects motor domain structure, ATP hydrolysis, motility, clustering, and sliding force measured for purified motors, as well as motility, clustering, and spindle assembly in cells.

The kinesin-5 protein Cut7 moves bidirectionally on fission yeast spindles with activity that increases in anaphase.

Kinesin-5 motors are essential to separate mitotic spindle poles and assemble a bipolar spindle in many organisms. These motors crosslink and slide apart antiparallel microtubules via microtubule plus-end-directed motility. However, kinesin-5 localization is enhanced away from antiparallel overlaps.

Estrogen receptors mediate the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise: A possible new mechanism.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether aerobic exercise exerts mood-modulating effects through an estrogen signaling mechanism.

Method: The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part is to compare the three modeling methods to obtain the most obvious method of depression-like phenotype for further study in the second part.

The relationship between exercise intention and behavior of Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model.

Inconsistency between intention and behavior is very common in daily life. This study explored the intention-behavior relationship in exercise, focusing on the mediating effect of action planning and the moderating effects of habit strength and gender. For the purpose of providing theoretical reference for the implementation of intervention strategies in the volitional phase, a total of 489 college students (M-age = 20.

Fibrillization of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enables 19% Efficiency Pseudo-Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells.

The structural order and aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) are critical toward light absorption, phase separation, and charge transport properties of their photovoltaic blends with electron donors, and determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the fibrillization of small molecular NFA L8-BO with the assistance of fused-ring solvent additive 1-fluoronaphthalene (FN) to substantially improve device PCE is demonstrated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that FN attaches to the backbone of L8-BO as the molecular bridge to enhance the intermolecular packing , inducing 1D self-assembly of L8-BO into fine fibrils with a compact polycrystal structure.

Effects of different physical activities on brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that exercise is a simple and effective method for maintaining brain function.

Aims: This review evaluates the effects of five physical exercises, including aerobic training (AT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), combined training (CT), resistance training (RT), and AT+RT, on the serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in healthy and non-healthy populations.

Methods: We searched CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to review randomized controlled studies on exercise interventions for BDNF.

Development of an RT-PCR for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and the epidemiology of RHDV in three eastern provinces of China.

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was developed by examining sensitivity and specificity. Samples from rabbits infected with rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) were examined to investigate the distribution of the virus in the body. The results showed that the RT-PCR method had good specificity.