Biological Evaluation of Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes with Aromatic -Heterocycles as Bridging Ligands.

The history of effective anti-cancer medications begins with the discovery of cisplatin's anti-cancer properties. Second-generation analogue, carboplatin, with a similar range of effectiveness, made progress in improving these drugs with fewer side effects and better solubility. Renewed interest in platinum-based drugs has been increasing in the past several years.

A Detailed Examination of Retroperitoneal Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Existing Literature.

This detailed review focuses on retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), a particularly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and complex presentation. By documenting a new case of retroperitoneal UPS and conducting a comprehensive review of all known cases, this article aims to expand the existing body of knowledge on the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment strategies associated with this rare disease. The complexity of diagnosing UPS is emphasized given that it rarely occurs in the retroperitoneal space and its histological and molecular complexity often complicates its recognition.

Redefining Immune Dynamics in Acute Pancreatitis: The Protective Role of Galectin-3 Deletion and Treg Cell Enhancement.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a complex inflammatory condition that can lead to systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ dysfunction. This study investigates the role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, in modulating acquired immune responses in AP. Acute pancreatitis was induced by ligation of the bile-pancreatic duct in wild-type and Galectin-3-deficient C57BL/6 mice.

Harnessing Metformin's Immunomodulatory Effects on Immune Cells to Combat Breast Cancer.

Metformin, a medication known for its anti-glycemic properties, also demonstrates potent immune system activation. In our study, using a 4T1 breast cancer model in BALB/C WT mice, we examined metformin's impact on the functional phenotype of multiple immune cells, with a specific emphasis on natural killer T (NKT) cells due to their understudied role in this context. Metformin administration delayed the appearance and growth of carcinoma.

Small Bowel Perforation Due to Renal Carcinoma Metastasis: A Comprehensive Case Study and Literature Review.

This case report presents a unique instance of small bowel perforation caused by solitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a rare and complex clinical scenario. The patient, a 59-year-old male with a history of RCC treated with nephrectomy four years prior, presented with acute abdomen symptoms. Emergency diagnostic procedures identified a significant lesion in the small intestine.

Exploring Perforated Jejunal GIST: A Rare Case Report and Review of Molecular and Clinical Literature.

This case report details a rare instance of a perforated jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a 76-year-old female patient. The patient presented with acute abdominal pain and distension without any changes in bowel habits or episodes of nausea and vomiting. Initial diagnostics, including abdominal plain radiography and ultrasonography, were inconclusive; however, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed pneumoperitoneum and an irregular fluid collection suggestive of small intestine perforations.

Metastatic Breast Cancer Presenting as Acute Appendicitis: A Rare Case Study and Review of Current Knowledge.

This manuscript discusses a rare case of acute appendicitis caused by metastasis from invasive breast carcinoma of no special type in a 70-year-old female previously diagnosed with breast cancer. It delves into the diagnostic challenges and management complexities of such unusual clinical presentations. The paper includes an analysis of 19 documented cases, enriching the understanding of metastatic patterns and treatment strategies in breast cancer.

Galectin-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Bridging Tumor Biology, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, with a complex interplay of molecular pathways contributing to its aggressive nature. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family, has emerged as a pivotal player in the PDAC microenvironment, influencing various aspects from tumor growth and angiogenesis to immune modulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of Galectin-1 in PDAC.

Galectin-3's Complex Interactions in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Cellular Signaling to Therapeutic Potential.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays a multifaceted role in the development, progression, and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This review offers a comprehensive examination of its expression in PDAC, its interaction with various immune cells, signaling pathways, effects on apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance. Additionally, the prognostic significance of serum levels of Gal-3 is discussed, providing insights into its potential utilization as a biomarker.

Decoding the IL-33/ST2 Axis: Its Impact on the Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has emerged as a critical cytokine in the regulation of the immune system, showing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. This review emphasizes the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in breast cancer biology, its contribution to cancer progression and metastasis, its influence on the tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, and its potential as a therapeutic target. The IL-33/ST2 axis has been shown to have extensive pro-tumorigenic features in breast cancer, starting from tumor tissue proliferation and differentiation to modulating both cancer cells and anti-tumor immune response.

The Enigma of Mammaglobin: Redefining the Biomarker Paradigm in Breast Carcinoma.

The continuous evolution of cancer biology has led to the discovery of mammaglobin, a potential novel biomarker for breast carcinoma. This review aims to unravel the enigmatic aspects of mammaglobin and elucidate its potential role in redefining the paradigm of breast carcinoma biomarkers. We will thoroughly examine its expression in tumoral and peritumoral tissues and its circulating levels in the blood, thereby providing insights into its possible function in cancer progression and metastasis.

The Pivotal Role of Galectin-3 in Viral Infection: A Multifaceted Player in Host-Pathogen Interactions.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including immune responses, inflammation, and cancer progression. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the multifaceted functions of Gal-3, starting with its crucial involvement in viral entry through facilitating viral attachment and catalyzing internalization. Furthermore, Gal-3 assumes significant roles in modulating immune responses, encompassing the activation and recruitment of immune cells, regulation of immune signaling pathways, and orchestration of cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy.

The Emerging Roles of the Adaptive Immune Response in Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abrupt, variable inflammatory condition of the pancreas, potentially escalating to severe systemic inflammation, rampant pancreatic necrosis, and multi-organ failure. Its complex pathogenesis involves an intricate immune response, with different T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, TFH, Treg, and CD8 T cells) and B cells playing pivotal roles. Early T cell activation initiates the AP development, triggering cytokines associated with the Th1 response, which stimulate macrophages and neutrophils.

Deletion of Galectin-3 attenuates acute pancreatitis in mice by affecting activation of innate inflammatory cells.

Acute pancreatitis is characterized by autodigestion of pancreatic cells followed by acute inflammation leading to pathology and death. In experimental acute pancreatitis, pancreatic acinar cells and infiltrating macrophages express Galectin-3 but its role in pathology of this disease is unknown. Therefore, we studied its role using Galectin-3 deficient mice.