Short-term effects of high-protein, lower-carbohydrate ultra-processed foods on human energy balance.

Protein-enriched ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are generally perceived as a healthy and favourable dietary choice for weight management. However, compared with low-processed foods, the consumption of UPFs has been demonstrated to result in overfeeding and gains in body weight and fat mass. Here we investigate the short-term effects of protein-enriched UPFs on energy intake and energy balance in a single-blind crossover trial involving 21 healthy young adults, who were randomly assigned to 2 UPF diets for 54 hours in a whole-room calorimeter.

Examining the roles of body composition, energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in the control of daily energy intake in adolescents with obesity.

Background: The implication of body composition and energy metabolism in the control of human energy intake (EI) has been well described in adults, remaining however unexplored in adolescents with obesity. The aim of this study was to question the role of body composition, energy expenditure (EE) and substrate metabolism in the control of EI of adolescents with obesity.

Methods: Ad libitum 24-h EI, body composition (Dual X-ray absorptiometry), Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR, indirect calorimeter) where measured and Total EE obtained during a 36-h stay in metabolic chambers in 26 adolescents (14.

Initial adiposity is associated with body composition changes in response to diet-induced weight loss in normal-weight healthy individuals: The first results of the NUTRILEX study.

While a significant number of normal-weight individuals are engaged in dieting practices, there is a need to better characterize the composition of weight change during and after weight loss (WL) intervention in this population. The study aimed to examine body composition in response to diet-induced WL and 4-month follow-up in normal-weight adults. Thirty-five participants (23 ± 4 y, 24 females) joined the laboratory to measure body weight (BW) and body composition using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on 5 occasions: baseline (T0), 3 % WL (T1, n = 32), 6 % WL (T2, n = 18), 1-month follow-up (T3, n = 18), 4-month follow-up (T4, n = 16).

The type of sport, but not sex, impacts body composition and metabolic response to a complete weight loss-weight regain episode in weight cycling athletes: results from the WAVE study.

Athletes may engage in weight cycling-successive episodes of weight loss and weight (re)gain-for performance reasons, but risk metabolic adaptations and regaining more fat that was lost (fat overshoot). This study aimed to assess the influence of a complete weight cycling episode on body composition, thermoregulation, and metabolism in athletes, considering sex and the type of sport practiced. Forty-eight athletes (28 males, 20 females) engaged in combat ( = 23), strength  = 12), or endurance ( = 13) sports were examined under three experimental conditions (weight maintenance, weight loss, weight (re)gain) during a weight cycling episode using their habitual strategies.

Sarcopenia, myosteatosis and inflammation are independent prognostic factors of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU.

The aims of our study were to assess the correlations between sarcopenia and myosteatosis assessed by CT-scan at T4 and/or L3 levels and inflammation in critically ill COVID patients on ICU admission, and their respective prognostic value on day 90 death (D90-death). It is a retrospective monocentric study. Sarcopenia was defined by skeletal muscle cross sectional surface area (CSA) and myosteatosis by skeletal muscle density (SMD) at L3 and T4 levels.

Appetite-Control and Eating-Behavior Traits Might Not Be Impacted by a Single Weight-Cycling Episode in Weight-Cycling Athletes: Results of the Wave Study.

Purpose: The impact of weight cycling (WC)-successive weight loss (WL) and weight regain (WG)-on athlete performance is well documented, but effects on appetite are not. This study assessed the impact of a WC episode on dietary and appetitive profiles in athletes, considering sex and sport type.

Methods: Athletes (28 male, 20 female) from combat (n = 23), strength (n = 12), and endurance (n = 13) sports participated in 3 conditions during a WC episode (baseline, WL, WG).

Acute simulated weight gain might not increase the energy cost of walking in adolescents with obesity.

Introduction: This work aims at evaluating the adaptations of the energy cost of walking (Cw) to simulated weight gain at different walking speeds in adolescents with obesity.

Methods: Substrate use and Cw were evaluated during a graded walking exercise (4 × 5min at 0.75, 1, 1.

Improving the functional detection of sarcopenic obesity: prevalence and handgrip scoring in the OBESAR cohort.

Objective: The study objectives were: 1) to detect early signs of low muscle function and assess sarcopenic obesity (SO) prevalence in patients with obesity; and 2) to introduce a new online diagnostic tool for scoring handgrip strength (HGS), adjusted for age and sex.

Methods: Patients from the OBESAR cohort (184 men and 499 women) were tested for body composition and functional testing (chair stand test or HGS based on the cutoffs from the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism [ESPEN]/European Association for the Study of Obesity [EASO] or adjusted HGS [adHGS] based on reference values), and SO prevalence was calculated accordingly.

Results: Among the 683 patients (mean [SD], age 42.

Circulating Amino Acid Concentration after the Consumption of Pea or Whey Proteins in Young and Older Adults Affects Protein Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes.

As older adults tend to reduce their intake of animal-source proteins, plant-source proteins may offer valuable resources for better protein intake. The aim of this study was to assess whether the pea proteins can be used to achieve blood amino acid levels that stimulate muscle protein synthesis. We measured variations in plasma amino acid concentrations in young and older adults given pea (NUTRALYS S85 Plus) or whey proteins either alone or in a standardized meal.

Adherence to resistance training and hypocaloric diet among persons near retirement age - A secondary data analysis of three randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: Adherence to lifestyle interventions is crucial for the treatment of obesity. However, there is little research about adherence to lifestyle interventions in persons around retirement age. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify factors associated with the adherence to resistance training and a hypocaloric diet and (2) to describe the association between adherence and changes in body composition outcome parameters.

Acute exercise might not affect subsequent appetite responses to a fixed meal in adolescents with obesity: The SMASH exploratory study.

While an intensity-dependent post-exercise decrease in energy intake (EI) has been described in adolescents with obesity, studies invariably used ad libitum meals, limiting then any conclusions regarding the effect of exercise on post-meal appetitive responses that can be also impacted by the ad libitum nature of the meal. This study analyses appetite and food-reward related responses to a fixed meal after an acute exercise, also exploring the associations between substrate use during exercise and overall daily EI in adolescents with obesity. Thirteen adolescents with obesity (12-16 years, 5 males) randomly complete 2 experimental sessions: (i) a control condition (CON); (ii) a 30-min moderate intensity (65% VO) cycling condition (EX).

Skeletal Muscle Proteome Modifications following Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Disturbances in Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is an involuntary loss of body weight, mostly of skeletal muscle. Previous research favors the existence of a microbiota-muscle crosstalk, so the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of microbiota alterations induced by antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteins expression. Skeletal muscle proteome changes were investigated in control (CT) or C26 cachectic mice (C26) with or without antibiotic treatment (CT-ATB or C26-ATB, = 8 per group).

The effectiveness of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions is associated with initial cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents with obesity.

Background: The identification of predictive parameters of the success of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions (MWLI) appears essential to optimize obesity management. The association between baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and changes in anthropometric parameters and body composition during MWLI remains underexplored in adolescents with obesity.

Objectives: To assess whether baseline CRF was associated with the effectiveness of a 16-week MWLI measured through improved body mass, body mass index (BMI) and body composition (percentage of total fat mass (FM) as the main criterion).

Similar maximal aerobic capacity but lower energy efficiency during low-to-moderate exercise in women with constitutional thinness: new results from the NUTRILEAN study.

Purpose: Individuals with constitutional thinness have been presented with a lower muscular energy metabolism at the cellular level but their effective aerobic capacities and exercise-related energy efficiency remains unexplored. The present study compares maximal and sub-maximal aerobic capacities between subjects with constitutional thinness and age-matched normal-weight ones.

Methods: Anthropometric measures, body composition (Dual-X-ray absorptiometry), physical activity and sedentary time (GT3x actigraphs), and maximal aerobic capacities (cycling test) were assessed in 18 constitutionally thin (CT-body mass index < 17.

Individual variability and consistency of post-exercise energy and macronutrient intake, appetite sensations, and food reward in healthy adults.

Limited evidence is available about the variability of appetitive responses within individuals after an acute bout of exercise. The present study aimed to assess the consistency and individual variability of post-exercise appetitive responses in healthy individuals. Twenty participants (10 females, 23.

Constitutional thinness might be characterized by physiologically adapted and not impaired muscle function and architecture: new results from the NUTRILEAN study.

Purpose: While muscle mass and skeletal muscle fibers phenotype have been shown atypical in constitutional thinness (CT), force production capacities and its architectural determinants have never been explored. The present study compared muscle functionality and architecture between participants with CT and their normal-weight (NW) counterparts.

Methods: Anthropometry, body composition (Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry), physical activity/sedentary behavior (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT), ultrasound recording of the Vastus Lateralis (2D-ultrasound system), and functional capacities at maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary contractions (MVC and MVC) during knee extension (isokinetic dynamometer chair Biodex) have been measured in 18 women with CT (body mass index < 17.

Identification of factors associated with sarcopenic obesity development: Literature review and expert panel voting.

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as the combination of excess fat mass (obesity) and low skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The identification and classification of factors related to SO would favor better prevention and diagnosis. The present article aimed to (i) define a list of factors related with SO based on literature analysis, (ii) identify clinical conditions linked with SO development from literature search and (iii) evaluate their relevance and the potential research gaps by consulting an expert panel.

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People.

Importance: Sarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality.

Post-exercise energy replacement might lead to reduced subsequent energy intake in women with constitutional thinness: Exploratory results from the NUTRILEAN project.

While people with Constitutional Thinness (CT) declare a deep willingness to gain weight, there appetitive responses to energy balance manipulations remain unclear. The present work compares the effect of an acute exercise combined or not with an energy replacement load, on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward, between normal weight and women with CT. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (Dual X-ray absorptiometry-DXA) and aerobic capacity (VO2max) were assessed in 10 normal-weight (Body Mass Index-BMI): 20-25 kg/m) and 10 C T (BMI<17.

Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

Depending on the nature of their sports, athletes may be engaged in successive weight loss (WL) and regain, conducing to "weight cycling." The aims of this paper were to systematically (and meta-analytically when possible) analyze the post-WL recovery of (i) body weight and (ii) fat mass; fat-free mass; and performance and metabolic responses in weight cycling athletes (18-55 years old, body mass index < 30 kg.m ).

Improved walking energy efficiency might persist in presence of simulated full weight regain after multidisciplinary weight loss in adolescents with obesity: the POWELL study.

Aim: Weight loss leads to a reduction of the energy cost of walking but the respective implications of the metabolic and mechanic changes remain unknown. The present study compares the post-weight loss energy cost of walking (Cw) with and without a total reload of the induced weight reduction in adolescents with obesity.

Methods: Energy cost of walking and substrate use were evaluated during a graded walking exercise (4×6-min at 0.

Protein and amino acids in obesity: friends or foes?

Purpose Of Review: Nutritional interventions using protein and amino acids in obesity are popular therapeutical strategies to limit obesity development. However, the effects of dietary protein intake and amino acid metabolic alterations involved in obesity pathophysiology have not been completely unravelled. Significant recent studies have brought to light new findings in these areas, which are the primary focus of this review.

The energy content of meals with a similar macronutrient distribution may have a greater impact on appetite sensations than food preferences in adolescents with obesity: A secondary analysis.

Purpose: The energy and macronutrient composition of a meal has been shown to influence postprandial appetitive responses, but it is not clear how energy content independent of macronutrient distribution affects postprandial appetite in adolescents with obesity. Extracting data from a primary study testing the effect of energy turnover on appetite, this secondary analysis assessed how fixed meals varying in energy content with similar macronutrient distributions influences postprandial appetite sensations and food reward.

Methods: Using a randomised, counterbalanced crossover design, N = 14 adolescents with obesity (M = 12.