Chloroplast genome sequencing and divergence analysis of 18 species: insights into intron length polymorphisms and evolutionary processes.

Pears constitute an essential temperate crop and are primarily produced through interspecific hybridization owing to self-incompatibility that complicates their breeding history. To address this, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 18 and one s species using the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform. The cp genomes ranged from 159,885 bp to 160,153 bp and exhibited a conserved circular DNA structure with an average GC content of 36.

Developmental Transcriptome Analysis of Red-Spotted Apollo Butterfly, .

(), a member of the genus Snow Apollo in the swallowtail family (Papilionidae), is a high alpine butterfly that lives in Russia, Korea, and China. It is an endangered wildlife (Class I) in South Korea and is a globally endangered species. The lack of transcriptomic and genomic resources of significantly hinders the study of its population genetics and conservation.

Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract modulates intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The stem and root bark of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance has been used as traditional pharmacological agent against inflammation related disorders. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract (UME) on human gut microbiota. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted in healthy adults.

Anti-atopic dermatitis properties of Cordyceps militaris on TNFα/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells and experimentally induced atopic dermatitis in mice.

Purpose: This study evaluated the anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) properties of Cordyceps militaris (CM) aqueous extract in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the nutraceutical composition of the CM extract, including its protein, carbohydrate, and selected phytochemical content.

Methods: The expression of pathogenic cytokines in keratinocytes was assayed using an in vitro model.