Assessing the pig microbial health impacts of smallholder farming.

The livestock industry has long been a hotspot environment for antibiotic resistance genes, with smallholder farming still holding a significant position in pig farming. However, the microbial antibiotic resistance and pathogen risks in pigs under the smallholder farming model remain unclear. We systematically analyzed the antibiotic resistance and microbial composition of pig feces from smallholder and large-scale farming models in Sichuan.

Synergistic antimicrobial activity of alpha-linolenic acid in combination with tetracycline or florfenicol against multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium.

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that can be transmitted from livestock and poultry to humans through the food chain. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance Salmonella has become an important factor threatening food safety. Combining antibiotic and non-antibiotic agents is a promising approach to address the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Dietary α-linolenic acid supplementation enhances resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in chickens by altering the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and cecal microbes.

Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen. Given the ban on the use of antibiotics during the egg-laying period in China, finding safe and effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.

Flaxseed Supplementation in Chicken Feed Accelerates subsp. Serovar Enteritidis Clearance, Modulates Cecum Microbiota, and Influences Ovarian Gene Expression in Laying Hens.

is a foodborne pathogen that poses a serious threat to both human and animal health and food safety. Flaxseed is rich in unsaturated fatty acids; has anti-metabolic syndrome, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties; and may be a potential source of feed additives. To investigate the impact of flaxseed on -infected laying hens, we administered subsp.

Effect of Enrofloxacin on the Microbiome, Metabolome, and Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Chicken Cecum.

Enrofloxacin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of Salmonella infections in livestock and poultry. However, the effects of different concentrations of enrofloxacin on the bacterial and metabolite compositions of the chicken gut and changes in the abundance of resistance genes in cecum contents remain unclear. To investigate the effects of enrofloxacin on chickens, we orally administered different concentrations of enrofloxacin to 1-day-old chickens and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess changes in the gut microbiomes of chickens after treatment.

Characterization and Public Health Insights of the New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing from Laying Hens in China.

The New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is a major element for the rapid expansion of the carbapenem-resistant , which poses a great challenge to public health security. NDM-producing strains (50 , 40 , and 5 ) were isolated from laying hens in China for the surveillance of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and all were found to be multi-drug resistant bacteria. The genomic analysis of these NDM-positive bacteria revealed the ST167, ST617, and ST410 of the fifteen ST-type clones and ST37 of the four ST-type clones to be the same types as the human-derived strains.

Identification of Three Novel PmGRI1 Genomic Resistance Islands and One Multidrug Resistant Hybrid Structure of Tn-like Transposon and PmGRI1 in .

The widespread use of antibiotics in large-scale livestock production has led to serious antibiotic resistance. is an important pathogenic bacterium on large-scale farms. Chromosomally localized mobilizable genetic elements (genomic islands) and mobile genetic elements (Tn-like transposons) play an important role in the acquisition and transmission of resistance genes by .

Florfenicol Enhances Colonization of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Mutant with Major Alterations to the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome in Neonatal Chickens.

Florfenicol is an important antibiotic commonly used in poultry production to prevent and treat Salmonella infection. However, oral administration of florfenicol may alter the animals' natural microbiota and metabolome, thereby reducing intestinal colonization resistance and increasing susceptibility to Salmonella infection. In this study, we determined the effect of florfenicol (30 mg/kg of body weight) on gut colonization of neonatal chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp.

Antimicrobial Resistance and CRISPR Typing Among Isolates From Poultry Farms in China.

Although knowledge of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas system has been applied in many research areas, comprehensive studies of this system in , particularly in analysis of antibiotic resistance, have not been reported. In this work, 75 isolates obtained from broilers or broilers products were characterized to determine their antimicrobial susceptibilities, antibiotic resistance gene profiles, and CRISPR array diversities, and genotyping was explored. In total, 80.

G-Quadruplex-Probing CRISPR-Cas12 Assay for Label-Free Analysis of Foodborne Pathogens and Their Colonization .

Foodborne pathogen infection is a key issue of food safety. Herein, we developed a label-free assay for () detection based on the G-quadruplex-probing CRISPR-Cas12 system (termed G-CRISPR-Cas), allowing highly sensitive detection of and investigation of their colonization in chickens. The introduction of the G-quadruplex probe serving as the substrate of Cas 12a realized a label-free analysis for foodborne pathogens.

Molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus associated with outbreaks in southwest China during 2014-2018.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which re-emerged in China since 2010, has swept across the whole country leading to tremendous economic losses. In this study, a total of 645 diarrhea samples collected from 156 pig farms in Sichuan and Guizhou province during 2014-2018 were tested for PEDV. We found that samples from 47.

Enrofloxacin Shifts Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Profiling and Hinders Recovery from Salmonella enterica subsp. Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Neonatal Chickens.

Enrofloxacin is an important antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of infection in poultry in many countries. However, oral administration of enrofloxacin may lead to the alterations in the microbiota and metabolome in the chicken intestine, thereby reducing colonization resistance to the infection. To study the effect of enrofloxacin on in the chicken cecum, we used different concentrations of enrofloxacin to feed 1-day-old chickens, followed by oral challenge with subsp.

High pressure Raman scattering and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of benzyl azide.

Benzyl azide was investigated by high-pressure Raman scattering spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technologies. A complete vibrational analysis of benzyl azide was performed by combining the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations using DFT-based scaled quantum chemical approach. The high-pressure Raman spectra and calculation results indicate that benzyl azide underwent a conformational change at 0.

Electrical properties and behaviors of cuprous oxide cubes under high pressure.

An accurate in situ electrical resistivity measurement of cuprous oxide cubes has been conducted in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature with pressures up to 25 GPa. The abnormal electrical resistivity variation found at 0.7-2.