Biofilm formation at the air-liquid interface by the Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 wrinkly spreader requires an acetylated form of cellulose.

The wrinkly spreader (WS) genotype of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 colonizes the air-liquid interface of spatially structured microcosms resulting in formation of a thick biofilm. Its ability to colonize this niche is largely due to overproduction of a cellulosic polymer, the product of the wss operon. Chemical analysis of the biofilm matrix shows that the cellulosic polymer is partially acetylated cellulose, which is consistent with predictions of gene function based on in silico analysis of wss.

Adaptive divergence in experimental populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens. I. Genetic and phenotypic bases of wrinkly spreader fitness.

A central feature of all adaptive radiations is morphological divergence, but the phenotypic innovations that are responsible are rarely known. When selected in a spatially structured environment, populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens rapidly diverge. Among the divergent morphs is a mutant type termed "wrinkly spreader" (WS) that colonizes a new niche through the formation of self-supporting biofilms.

Gender role attitudes of American mothers and daughters over time.

Symbolic interaction theorists believe that parents are primary socializing agents for their children. J. Rollins and P.

Using couple data to determine domestic violence rates: an attempt to replicate previous work.

Research methodology using only one spouse to report for the couple has been questioned. Szinovacz (1983) reported higher rates of violence when both spouses responded to six items on Straus's Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). The purpose of this study was to replicate her methodology by using all items measuring severe violence in the latest CTS scale with 94 military couples, to see if couple reports of violence indicated higher rates of violence compared to individual spouses' reports.