Distribution of millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) along a forest interior - forest edge - grassland habitat complex.

We studied the distribution of millipedes in a forest interior-forest edge-grassland habitat complex in the Hajdúság Landscape Protection Area (NE Hungary). The habitat types were as follows: (1) lowland oak forest, (2) forest edge with increased ground vegetation and shrub cover, and (3) mesophilous grassland. We collected millipedes by litter and soil sifting.

Occurrence and assemblage composition of millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) in urban areas of Switzerland.

Terrestrial isopods and millipedes, members of the invertebrate macro-decomposer guild, were collected through pitfall traps in three Swiss cities (Zurich, Lucerne, Lugano). A total of 7,198 individuals of 17 isopod species (7093 ind.), and 10 millipede species (105 ind.

Air pollution assessment based on elemental concentration of leaves tissue and foliage dust along an urbanization gradient in Vienna.

Foliage dust contains heavy metal that may have harmful effects on human health. The elemental contents of tree leaves and foliage dust are especially useful to assess air environmental pollution. We studied the elemental concentrations in foliage dust and leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus along an urbanization gradient in Vienna, Austria.

Cytochalasin-B-induced immunosuppression of murine allogeneic anti-tumor response and the effect of recombinant human interleukin-2.

Cytochalasin B (CB), administered i.p. to C57B1/6 mice in a single dose as a suspension in carboxymethylcellulose 2%/Tween 20 1%, inhibits in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner the ability of spleen cells to respond to allogeneic P815 mastocytoma tumor cells in vitro.

Photoaffinity labeling of plasma membrane receptors for cytochalasins in Ehrlich tumor cells.

Treatment of purified Ehrlich ascites cell plasma membranes either with [3H]cytochalasin B or [3H]19-O-acetylchaetoglobosin A under photolytic conditions produced several radioactive polypeptides which were characterized by SDS-PAGE analyses. The major proteins so photolabeled were in the 60,000-80,000 Da range, with less labeling found in polypeptides smaller than 43,000 and greater than 90,000 Da. Immunofluorescent staining failed to identify the major photolabeled component as actin.

Structure-activity relationships of cytochalasins in the differentiation of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Four naturally occurring cytochalasins and three synthetic congeners have been studied for their effects on in vitro sensitization of murine lymphocytes to P815 mastocytoma. The relative order of effectiveness of these secondary fungal metabolites in inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development is as follows: cytochalasin D greater than cytochalasin E greater than cytochalasin A greater than cytochalasin B, 21,22- dihydrocytochalasin A greater than 7- acetylcytochalasin D. The 7,20 diacetylcytochalasin B derivative was inactive at the highest level tested (4 X 10(-6) M).

Reversal by citrovorum factor of methotrexate-induced suppression of cell-mediated and humoral immune response in mouse model systems.

C3H/HeHa mice were immunized (day 0) with 5 X 10(8) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or 3 X 10(7) EL-4 lymphoma cells (i.p.), and C57B1/6J mice were immunized (day 0) with 3 X 10(7) P815 mastocytoma cells (i.

Reversal of the in vitro methotrexate suppression of cell-mediated immune response by folinic acid and thymidine plus hypoxanthine.

The development of a primary complement-independent cellular cytotoxic immune response in culture by C57BL/6J spleen cells stimulated with X-irradiated allogeneic P815 tumor cells was inhibited more than 50% in the presence of 1.5 X 10(-8) M methotrexate. This immunosuppression by methotrexate was time and dose dependent.

Effects of 5-mercapto-2'-deoxyuridine on the incorporation of nucleosides into RNA and DNA in a primary lymphocyte culture system.

The effects of 5-mercapto-2'-deoxyuridine (MUdr) on DNA synthesis in a primary murine spleen lymphocyte culture system stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied. Inhibition of thymidine incorporation into acid insoluble nucleic acid material was 50% at 0.5 mM MUdR concentration, while inhibition of deoxyuridine incorporation into acid-insoluble nucleic acids was 50% at 0.