Initiation of preterm labor.

Preterm births are still a major problem in obstetrics. It is estimated that preterm births occur in about 12% of all pregnancies. Due to advances in medical technology and better care of fetuses and premature babies, the preterm mortality rate has been falling (as recently as 1995 the survival rate in the US for premature infants born at 34 weeks amounted to only a fraction of the corresponding rate for those born after 37 weeks).

[Fear-driven cesarean section on request].

Unlabelled: Traditionally, women gave birth surrounded by other, experienced women. Modern women not only require continuous support during labor, but they also want to have a part in decision-taking. That is why some of them, regardless of how much or how little medical knowledge they have, want to decide about the way of birth on their own.

HELLP syndrome in pregnancies below 26th week.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that HELLP syndrome may be more likely to develop earlier, if a pregnant woman has aPL antibodies, and to observe clinical and laboratory factors preceding the occurrence of HELLP syndrome.

Materials And Methods: The study consisted in retrospective analysis, with updated verification, of HELLP syndrome in pregnancies below 26th week in our clinic in the years 1992-2010.

Results: HELLP syndrome, if it occurred before the 26th week, occurred only in women with preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension and in women with aPL antibodies.

[Urethral obstruction caused by endometriosis].

Two cases of unilateral urethral obstruction caused by endometriosis were reported. Two patients aged 48 and 35 years old were fully diagnosed with above mentioned abnormalities prior to a surgical operation. During the surgical operations the initial diagnosis was confirmed macroscopically, followed by the surgical amputation of the urethral parts pathologically changed.