Efficacy and safety of kaolin-based hemostatic pad vs. standard mechanical compression following transradial and transulnar access for elective coronary angiography and PCI: RAUL trial substudy.

Hemostatic devices used in the transradial approach (TRA) and transulnar approach (TUA) are limited. This study compared the efficacy and safety of hemostasis using the QuikClot Radial hemostatic pad (QC) vs. standard mechanical compression (SC) after coronary angiography (CAG).

Metabolic phenotyping reveals a lipid mediator response to ionizing radiation.

Exposure to ionizing radiation has dramatically increased in modern society, raising serious health concerns. The molecular response to ionizing radiation, however, is still not completely understood. Here, we screened mouse serum for metabolic alterations following an acute exposure to γ radiation using a multiplatform mass-spectrometry-based strategy.

The human urine metabolome.

Urine has long been a "favored" biofluid among metabolomics researchers. It is sterile, easy-to-obtain in large volumes, largely free from interfering proteins or lipids and chemically complex. However, this chemical complexity has also made urine a particularly difficult substrate to fully understand.

Protein expression profiling reveals distinctive changes in serum proteins associated with chronic pancreatitis.

Objective: Testing of serum for protein patterns to monitor progression of suspected to definite chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods: Serum samples of CP patients and healthy volunteers were fractionated on anion exchange columns and analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to elucidate CP-related protein alterations and to identify biomarkers for this disease. Potential biomarkers were purified and identified by mass spectrometry.

Optimized application of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS to differentiate Francisella tularensis at the level of subspecies and individual strains.

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularaemia, is a potential agent of bioterrorism. The phenotypic discrimination of the closely related F. tularensis subspecies and individual strains with traditional methods is difficult and time consuming, often producing ambiguous results.

High-throughput screening of packed-bed chromatography coupled with SELDI-TOF MS analysis: monoclonal antibodies versus host cell protein.

A feasibility study to couple high throughput screening of packed bed chromatography with mass spectrometric detection by SELDI-TOF MS is presented. As model system monoclonal antibodies (mAb) versus host cell protein (HCP) from an industrial cultivation was chosen. Packed bed chromatography was screened on a TECAN Evo Freedom 200 station using miniaturized chromatographic columns placed on a specially designed array carrier linked to a commercially available T-Stack module.

Identification of potential markers for the detection of pancreatic cancer through comparative serum protein expression profiling.

Objective: Early detection is the only promising approach to significantly improve the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer (PCa). Noninvasive tools for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of this disease are of urgent need. The purpose of this study was to identify and validate new biomarkers in PCa patient serum samples.

SELDI-TOF-MS analysis of chloroquine resistant and sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strains.

The resistance of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine represents an emerging problem since neither mode of drug action nor mechanisms of resistance are fully elucidated. We describe a protein expression profiling approach by SELDI-TOF-MS as a useful tool for studying the proteome of malarial parasites. Reproducible and complex protein profiles of the P.

Discovery and identification of potential biomarkers in a prospective study of chronic lymphoid malignancies using SELDI-TOF-MS.

The accurate diagnosis of the different forms of chronic mature B-cell lymphocytic malignancies is of primary importance to determine an appropriate and efficient treatment. Usually, the diagnosis is achieved by morphology and immunophenotyping. Nevertheless, the diagnostic tools available are not able to discriminate pathologies with variable evolution, or to classify some of them.

Proteomic analysis reveals successive aberrations in protein expression from healthy mucosa to invasive head and neck cancer.

Development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a multistep process and in many cases involves a phenomenon coined 'field cancerization'. In order to identify changes in protein expression occurring at different stages of tumorigenesis and field cancerization, we analysed 113 HNSCCs and 73 healthy, 99 tumor-distant and 18 tumor-adjacent squamous mucosae by SELDI-TOF-MS on IMAC30 ProteinChip Arrays. Forty-eight protein peaks were differentially expressed between healthy mucosa and HNSCC.

Detection and identification of heat shock protein 10 as a biomarker in colorectal cancer by protein profiling.

Although colorectal cancer is one of the best-characterized tumors with regard to the multistep progression, it remains one of the most frequent and deadly neoplasms. For a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the process of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, changes in protein expression between microdissected normal and tumorous colonic epithelium were analyzed. Cryostat sections from colorectal tumors, adenoma tissue, and adjacent normal mucosa were laser-microdissected and analyzed using ProteinChip Arrays.

Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry protein profiling identifies ubiquitin and ferritin light chain as prognostic biomarkers in node-negative breast cancer tumors.

Novel prognostic biomarkers are imperatively needed to help direct treatment decisions by typing subgroups of node-negative breast cancer patients. The current study has used a proteomic approach of SELDI-TOF-MS screening to identify differentially cytosolic expressed proteins with a prognostic impact in 30 node-negative breast cancer patients with no relapse versus 30 patients with metastatic relapse. The data analysis took into account 73 peaks, among which 2 proved, by means of univariate Cox regression, to have a good cumulative prognostic-informative power.

Immunoproteomic characterization of Brucella abortus 1119-3 preparations used for the serodiagnosis of Brucella infections.

The diagnosis of brucellosis is mainly based on the detection of anti-LPS antibodies. Due to substantial similarity of the O-polysaccharide of Brucella LPS to that of various other Gram-negative bacteria, serological tests of samples containing high amounts of LPS lack specificity. Hence, the development of assays based on more specific protein antigens is an essential subject in brucellosis research.

T cell epitope definition by differential mass spectrometry: identification of a novel, immunogenic HLA-B8 ligand directly from renal cancer tissue.

In this study, we describe a differential mass spectrometric technique for the immuno-proteomic analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides of a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) biopsy compared with the healthy kidney tissue of the same patient after nephrectomy. Using a stable isotope labeling approach, we could directly compare and relatively quantify 43 MHC-peptide pairs, most of which were present in similar proportions on both normal kidney and tumor. Significantly, two dominant peptides of monoisotopic masses ([M+H](+)) 973.

Transcript and proteome analysis reveals reduced expression of calgranulins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The calcium-binding proteins of the S100 and the annexin protein families have been implicated in a variety of important physiological functions including membrane remodeling, calcium-related intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton dynamics, tissue homeostasis, and formation of the cornified envelope in differentiating keratinocytes. Deregulated expression of members of these families has been reported in different types of neoplasia and other diseases, but the results were not consistent. Here we have applied a combination of cDNA microarrays, quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) and surface enhanced laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to study differential expression of these genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Identification of proteins in laser-microdissected small cell numbers by SELDI-TOF and Tandem MS.

Background: Laser microdissection allows precise isolation of specific cell types and compartments from complex tissues. To analyse proteins from small cell numbers, we combine laser-microdissection and manipulation (LMM) with mass spectrometry techniques.

Results: Hemalaun stained mouse lung sections were used to isolate 500-2,000 cells, enough material for complex protein profiles by SELDI-TOF MS (surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry), employing different chromatographic ProteinChip Arrays.

A technical triade for proteomic identification and characterization of cancer biomarkers.

Biomarkers are needed to elucidate the biological background and to improve the detection of cancer. Therefore, we have analyzed laser-microdissected cryostat sections from head and neck tumors and adjacent mucosa on ProteinChip arrays. Two differentially expressed proteins (P = 3.

Serum protein profiling by SELDI mass spectrometry: detection of multiple variants of serum amyloid alpha in renal cancer patients.

The molecular analysis of serum is an important field for the definition of potential diagnostic markers or disease-related protein alterations. Novel proteomic technologies such as the mass spectrometric-based surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) ProteinChip technique facilitate a rapid and reproducible analysis of such protein mixtures and affords the researcher a new dimension in the search for biomarkers of disease. Here, we have applied this technology to the study of a cohort of serum samples from well-characterized renal cell carcinoma patients for the identification of such proteins by comparison to healthy controls.

Biomarker discovery and identification in laser microdissected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with ProteinChip technology, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, tandem mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry.

Head and neck cancer is a frequent malignancy with a complex, and up to now not clear etiology. Therefore, despite of improvements in diagnosis and therapy, the survival rate with head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas is poor. For a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the process of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, we have analyzed changes of protein expression between microdissected normal pharyngeal epithelium and tumor tissue by ProteinChip technology.

Detection of dermcidin-derived peptides in sweat by ProteinChip technology.

Recently, a novel antimicrobial peptide DCD-1, derived from the Dermcidin (DCD) gene and secreted by sweat glands, has been described by Schittek et al. [Nat. Immunol.

Inactivation of calcineurin by hydrogen peroxide and phenylarsine oxide. Evidence for a dithiol-disulfide equilibrium and implications for redox regulation.

Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca2+-and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase containing a dinuclear Fe-Zn center in the active site. Recent studies have indicated that CaN is a possible candidate for redox regulation. The inactivation of bovine brain CaN and of the catalytic CaN A-subunit from Dictyostelium by the vicinal dithiol reagents phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and melarsen oxide (MEL) and by H2O2 was investigated.

Growth inhibitory factor and zinc affect neural cell cultures in a tissue specific manner.

Deficiency of neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF) and abnormalities in zinc homeostasis have been suggested to play a role in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We report here that embryonic chick cerebral cell cultures zinc and copper containing GIF in the presence of marmoset hippocampal extract reduces significantly and concentration dependently mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity (MTT) and cell mass. In contrast, no indications could be found that GIF affected neural retina cell cultures.

Structural characterization of Cu(I) and Zn(II) sites in neuronal-growth-inhibitory factor by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS).

Neuronal-growth-inhibitory factor (GIF) is a metalloprotein specific to the central nervous system which has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. The high metal content, approximately seven metal atoms/protein molecule, and 70% sequence identity to mammalian metallothioneins (MT), including a preserved array of 20 cysteinyl residues, place GIF in the family of MT. In contrast to MT, native GIF isolated from human or bovine brain contains an unusual metal composition, viz.