Pharmacogenetics of tenofovir drug transporters in the context of HBV: Is there an impact?

Background: Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B management include orally administered nucleos(t)ide analogues, such as tenofovir (TDF), which is an acyclic adenine nucleotide analogue used both in HBV and human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The course of HBV infection is mainly dependent on viral factors, such as HBV genotypes, immunological features and host genetic variables, but a few data are available in the context of HBV, in particular for polymorphisms of genes encoding proteins involved in drug metabolism and elimination. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of genetic variants on TDF plasma and urine concentrations in patients with HBV, considering the role of HBV genotypes.

HBsAg kinetics after 7 years of therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in a cohort of naïve patients affected by chronic hepatitis B with different genotypes.

The role of different genotypes in nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) treatment is still debated. Previous studies conducted on special populations evidenced that the E genotype had the lower virological and serological response. This descriptive study aims to recognize the hepatitis B "s" antigen (HBsAg) decline during tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment in a cohort of patient affected by chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Real-Life Experience of Molnupiravir in Hospitalized Patients Who Developed SARS-CoV2-Infection: Preliminary Results from CORACLE Registry.

Real-life experience of molnupiravir treatment is lacking, especially in people hospitalized for underlying diseases not related to COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective analysis regarding molnupiravir therapy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted for underlying diseases not associated with COVID-19. Forty-four patients were included.

Impact of socioeconomic status on the clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective analysis.

Aim: A disadvantaged socioeconomic status (SES) was previously associated with higher incidence and poor outcomes both of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and infectious diseases. Inequalities in health services also have a negative effect on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality.

Subject And Methods: The study analysed the role of SES measured by the educational level (EL) in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 between 9 March 2020 and 20 September 2021 at our centre of infectious diseases.

Predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection in different health-care settings: A retrospective analysis from a CORACLE study group.

Background: Despite the large number of hospitalized patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, few data are available about risk factors and mortality in subjects with nosocomially acquired respiratory infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated in a multicentric study -during the pre-vaccination era-all patients admitted with confirmed diagnosis of nosocomial COVID-19 (NC). Patients were classified according to provenance: hospital-acquired NC or long-term care (LTC) facilities.

Role of plasmatic and urinary concentration of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in a cohort of patients affected by chronic hepatitis B.

The aim of this study was to evaluate plasmatic and urinary therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In 68 enrolled patients, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 68 mL/min in naive subjects, while in adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-pretreated patients, it was 55.5 mL/min (p < 0.

Remdesivir treatment in hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia: A case-control study.

To date the optimal antiviral treatment against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been proven; remdesivir is a promising drug with in vitro activity against several viruses, but in COVID-19 the clinical results are currently not definitive. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes (survival analysis, efficacy, and safety) in a group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with remdesivir in comparison with a control group of patients treated with other antiviral or supportive therapies. We included 163 patients treated with remdesivir and 403 subjects in the control group; the baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups; the mortality rate was higher in the control group (24.

Liver involvement and mortality in COVID-19: A retrospective analysis from the CORACLE study group.

Introduction: liver abnormalities are common in COVID-19 patients and associated with higher morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate clinical significance and effect on the mortality of abnormal liver function tests (ALFTs) in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: we retrospectively evaluated in a multicentre study all patients admitted with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.

Factors Influencing the Intracellular Concentrations of the Sofosbuvir Metabolite GS-331007 (in PBMCs) at 30 Days of Therapy.

Sofosbuvir (SOF) is an HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor, and GS-331007 is its major metabolite. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinical and pharmacological factors could influence GS-331007 intracellular (IC) concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) associated with a sustained virological response in patients treated with SOF and ribavirin (RBV). Drug levels were analyzed using liquid chromatography at different days of therapy, whereas variants in genes encoding transporters and nuclear factors were investigated using real-time PCR.

Risk factors and incidence of long-COVID syndrome in hospitalized patients: does remdesivir have a protective effect?

Background: The definition of 'long-COVID syndrome' (LCS) is still debated and describes the persistence of symptoms after viral clearance in hospitalized or non-hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Aim: In this study, we examined the prevalence and the risk factors of LCS in a cohort of patients with previous COVID-19 and followed for at least 6 months of follow-up.

Design: We conducted a prospective study including all hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 at our center of Infectious Diseases (Vercelli, Italy) admitted between 10 March 2020 and 15 January 2021 for at least 6 months after discharge.

Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Piedmont, Italy: Results from the Multicenter, Regional, CORACLE Registry.

Background: CORACLE is a retrospective and prospective, regional multicenter registry, developed to evaluate risk factors for mortality in a cohort of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection within non-intensive wards.

Methods: The primary objective was to estimate the role of several prognostic factors on hospital mortality in terms of adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) with multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: A total of 1538 patients were enrolled; 42% were female, and 58% were >70 years old.

Role of the early short-course corticosteroids treatment in ARDS caused by COVID-19: A single-center, retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly related to interstitial pneumonia with frequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The role of corticosteroids (CS) treatment in these patients is still controversial. Some studies evidenced a possible role of an early short-term course of CS treatment in the treatment of severe pneumonia.

Trend of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol plasma levels in patients affected by active chronic hepatitis B virus infection and inactive carriers.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem with different immunological phases and therapeutic approaches. The serological condition of inactive carrier (IC) was recently well defined as a clinical and virological stable status, in which specific treatment is usually deferred, while the active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) condition requires an immediate treatment strategy. Recently, a possible broad antiviral effect of oxysterols, in particular 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC), was observed, as most likely linked to the positive modulation of innate immunity, but no clear evidence is available about their possible role in chronic HBV infection.

Serological and virological response in patients with hepatitis B virus genotype E treated with entecavir or tenofovir: a prospective study.

European clinical practice guidelines (EASL) on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) recently recognized the importance of migration flows in the changing hepatitis B virus (HBV) epidemiology in low-endemic European countries. The role of different genotypes in nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment is still unknown. In the case of genotype E, which is mainly circulating in West Africa, a quantitative decrease in the level of HBsAg (qHBsAg) during treatment with entecavir (ETV) predicts a longer time to HBsAg loss when compared to genotypes A and D.

Ceftobiprole Perspective: Current and Potential Future Indications.

Ceftobiprole combines an excellent spectrum for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) pathogens, with a low/medium MDR risk, and the β-lactams' safety in frail patients admitted to the hospital in internal medicine wards which may be at high risk of adverse events by anti-MRSA coverage as oxazolidinones or glycopeptides. We aimed to report the available evidence regarding ceftobiprole use in pneumonia and invasive bacterial infections, shedding light on ceftobiprole stewardship. The clinical application and real-life experiences of using ceftobiprole for bloodstream infections, including infective endocarditis, are limited but nevertheless promising.

Letter: liver involvement and mortality in COVID-19-the role of anti-viral therapy should be considered.

This article is linked to Ponziani et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.

Failure on voxilaprevir, velpatasvir, sofosbuvir and efficacy of rescue therapy.

Background & Aims: There are limited data on patients with chronic HCV infection in whom combination voxilaprevir (VOX), velpatasvir (VEL), sofosbuvir (SOF) retreatment fails. Thus, we aimed to assess treatment failure and rescue treatment options in these patients.

Methods: Samples from 40 patients with HCV genotypes (GT) 1-4 in whom VOX/VEL/SOF retreatment failed were collected within the European Resistance Study Group.

Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers, Turin, Italy.

We measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein subunits S1/S2 antibodies by using capillary electrophoresis and a chemiluminescence immunoassay for 5,444 active healthcare workers in Italy. Seroprevalence was 6.9% and higher among participants having contact with patients.