Treatment of the Temples: Brazilian Consensus.

Introduction: The temporal region is emblematic and challenging due to its structural and volumetric changes during aging, which significantly affect facial aesthetics. Despite the importance of addressing temporal aging, many injectors hesitate due to the region's anatomical complexity and risk of complications. This consensus aimed to provide expert guidance on the safest and most effective treatment strategies for the temple.

U-SMAS: ultrasound findings of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system.

The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is a complex fibrous network connecting facial muscles to the dermis, with varying morphological characteristics across different facial regions. Recent studies have identified five distinct types of SMAS morphology, highlighting the need for region-specific interventions in facial rejuvenation. This pictorial essay explores ultrasound imaging of the SMAS using ultra-high frequency (24-33 MHz) probes, known as U-SMAS.

Improved brachial skin hydration and appearance with hyperdiluted calcium hydroxylapatite.

Introduction: The search for minimally invasive treatments for areas not covered by clothing, such as the arms, has increased, particularly to combat flaccidity resulting from factors such as aging and weight loss. This study evaluated the efficacy of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), an injectable biostimulator, in improving flaccidity and hydration of the skin of the arms.

Materials And Methods: Six women between 40 and 50 years old with visible signs of brachial flaccidity were selected.

Hand Rejuvenation with Customizable Hybrid Fillers: Premixed Calcium Hydroxyapatite and Hyaluronic Acid.

Introduction: Hand aging is a prevalent concern characterized by the atrophy of local soft tissues and increased visibility of vessels and tendons. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) are well-established treatments for addressing this issue. While hybrid filler containing HA and CaHA has been proposed for facial rejuvenation, studies investigating its efficacy for hand rejuvenation are lacking.

: The Combination of Muscle Relaxation with Botulinum Toxin and Collagen Biostimulation with Calcium Hydroxyapatite for the Treatment of the Cervical Region.

Introduction: There are several therapeutic modalities for neck rejuvenation, especially calcium hydroxylapatite. Botulinum toxin, by relaxing the mm. platysma, also provides improvement in facial contour.

Treatment of Atrophy of the Labia Majora: Calcium Hydroxyapatite or Hyaluronic Acid?

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of treating atrophied labia majora with hyaluronic acid (HA) and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA).

Methods: Ten participants complaining of sagging or loss of volume in the labia majora were evaluated and randomly assigned to two groups-treated with CaHA or AH. Photographic documentation was taken and appreciated by the participants and by blind observers.

Glutaeal remodelling protocol: Volumization with hyaluronic acid and collagen biostimulation with poly-L-lactic acid.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an aesthetic treatment protocol for the glutes through the combination of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and body hyaluronic acid (HA).

Patients And Methods: Six female patients who aimed for glutaeal harmonisation were evaluated. Patients were treated with the combined protocol of Rennova Elleva® (poly-L-lactic acid) and Rennova Body Shape® (HA).

Safety of the inferolateral orbital access for filling the temporal region with the fanning technique.

Introduction: The anatomical complexity of the temporal region makes it so treatments with fill-ins are challenging due to high vascular risk. Techniques which provide safer procedures must be encouraged.

Goal: Suggest access to the temple through the inferolateral orbital region as a means for safer temporal fill-ins.

Current use of botulinum neurotoxin in esthetic practice-Clinical guide and review.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin is one of the most versatile and widely used medical products in the world.

Aims: The review's focus is the plastic and dermatologic uses of botulinum neurotoxin currently supported by published data.

Methods: Relevant clinical articles regarding botulinum neurotoxin use in plastic surgery, dermatology, and general esthetic literature were searched and reviewed.

Six years of experience using an advanced algorithm for botulinum toxin application.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BTX) products continue to be widely used for facial rejuvenation. Variables to consider prior to BTX treatment include the anatomical area to be treated, gender, muscle mass, ethnicity, skin thickness, and the effects of aging.

Objective: To describe a treatment algorithm which has been developed for facial rejuvenation to help physicians to easily and systematically customize BTX treatment, and to describe its use in a large number of patients.

Quantifying autophagy using novel LC3B and p62 TR-FRET assays.

Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that can generate energy for cells or clear misfolded or aggregated proteins, and upregulating this process has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Here we describe a novel set of LC3B-II and p62 time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assays that can detect changes in autophagy in the absence of exogenous labels. Lipidated LC3 is a marker of autophagosomes, while p62 is a substrate of autophagy.

Dynamic Model of Applied Facial Anatomy with Emphasis on Teaching of Botulinum Toxin A.

Background: The use of botulinum toxin type A is considered one of the most revolutionary and promising face rejuvenation methods. Although rare, most of the complications secondary to the use of botulinum toxin A are technician dependent. Among the major shortcomings identified in the toxin administration education is unfamiliarity with applied anatomy.

Phosphorylation of huntingtin at residue T3 is decreased in Huntington's disease and modulates mutant huntingtin protein conformation.

Posttranslational modifications can have profound effects on the biological and biophysical properties of proteins associated with misfolding and aggregation. However, their detection and quantification in clinical samples and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathological properties of misfolding- and aggregation-prone proteins remain a challenge for diagnostics and therapeutics development. We have applied an ultrasensitive immunoassay platform to develop and validate a quantitative assay for detecting a posttranslational modification (phosphorylation at residue T3) of a protein associated with polyglutamine repeat expansion, namely Huntingtin, and characterized its presence in a variety of preclinical and clinical samples.

Validation of Ultrasensitive Mutant Huntingtin Detection in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Single Molecule Counting Immunoassay.

Background: The measurement of disease-relevant biomarkers has become a major component of clinical trial design, but in the absence of rigorous clinical and analytical validation of detection methodology, interpretation of results may be misleading. In Huntington's disease (HD), measurement of the concentration of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients may serve as both a disease progression biomarker and a pharmacodynamic readout for HTT-lowering therapeutic approaches. We recently published the quantification of mHTT levels in HD patient CSF by a novel ultrasensitive immunoassay-based technology and here analytically validate it for use.

Synthesis, biological characterization and molecular modeling insights of spirochromanes as potent HDAC inhibitors.

In the last decades, inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) have become an important class of anti-cancer agents. In a previous study we described the synthesis of spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]hydroxamic acid derivatives able to inhibit histone deacetylase enzymes. Herein, we present our exploration for new derivatives by replacing the piperidine moiety with various cycloamines.

Quantification of mutant huntingtin protein in cerebrospinal fluid from Huntington's disease patients.

Background: Quantification of disease-associated proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been critical for the study and treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders; however, mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT), the cause of Huntington's disease (HD), is at very low levels in CSF and, to our knowledge, has never been measured previously.

Methods: We developed an ultrasensitive single-molecule counting (SMC) mHTT immunoassay that was used to quantify mHTT levels in CSF samples from individuals bearing the HD mutation and from control individuals in 2 independent cohorts.

Results: This SMC mHTT immunoassay demonstrated high specificity for mHTT, high sensitivity with a femtomolar detection threshold, and a broad dynamic range.

Polyglutamine- and temperature-dependent conformational rigidity in mutant huntingtin revealed by immunoassays and circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Background: In Huntington's disease, expansion of a CAG triplet repeat occurs in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT), resulting in a protein bearing>35 polyglutamine residues whose N-terminal fragments display a high propensity to misfold and aggregate. Recent data demonstrate that polyglutamine expansion results in conformational changes in the huntingtin protein (HTT), which likely influence its biological and biophysical properties. Developing assays to characterize and measure these conformational changes in isolated proteins and biological samples would advance the testing of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at correcting mutant HTT misfolding.

Topical verapamil as a scar modulator.

Background: Skin injuries and the consequent loss of tissue integrity triggers a sequence of cellular and biochemical events that lead to a healed wound. Any failure during this rather sophisticated process may result in pathological scarring.

Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of topical verapamil as a modulator of the healing process, a group of five observers (plastic surgeon, dermatologist, physiotherapist, biologist, and layman) analyzed pictures of 120 patients 3 months after abdominoplasty (60 patients) and mammoplasty (60 patients).

Chiral resolution and pharmacological characterization of the enantiomers of the Hsp90 inhibitor 2-amino-7-[4-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-quinazolin-5-one oxime.

Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the stabilization of key oncogenic signaling proteins, and therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 represents a new strategy in cancer therapy. 2-Amino-7-[4-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-quinazolin-5-one oxime is a racemic Hsp90 inhibitor that targets the N-terminal adenosine triphosphatase site. We developed a method to resolve the enantiomers and evaluated their inhibitory activity on Hsp90 and the consequent antitumor effects.

Synthesis and biological characterization of spiro[2H-(1,3)-benzoxazine-2,4'-piperidine] based histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) have become important targets for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. In previous studies we described the development of novel spirocyclic HDAC inhibitors based on the combination of privileged structures with hydroxamic acid moieties as zinc binding group. Herein, we report further explorations, which resulted in the discovery of a new class of spiro[2H-(1,3)-benzoxazine-2,4'-piperidine] derivatives.

tert-Butylcarbamate-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors: apoptosis induction, cytodifferentiation, and antiproliferative activities in cancer cells.

Herein we report novel pyrrole- and benzene-based hydroxamates (8, 10) and 2'-aminoanilides (9, 11) bearing the tert-butylcarbamate group at the CAP moiety as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Compounds 8 b and 10 c selectively inhibited HDAC6 at the nanomolar level, whereas the other hydroxamates effected an increase in acetyl-α-tubulin levels in human acute myeloid leukemia U937 cells. In the same cell line, compounds 8 b and 10 c elicited 18.

Spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine]-based histone deacetylase inhibitors with improved in vivo activity.

A series of spiro[chromane-2,4'-piperidine] derivatives based on a previously published lead benzyl spirocycle 1 and bearing various N-aryl and N-alkylaryl substituents on the piperidine ring were prepared as novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The compounds were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit nuclear HDACs, their in vitro antiproliferative activities, and in vitro ADME profiles. Based on these activities, 4-fluorobenzyl and 2-phenylethyl spirocycles were selected for further characterization.