[A comparative evaluation of methods for detecting duodenogastric reflux in patients with peptic ulcer].

The duodenal contents were examined in 81 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer. Bile acid concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity, and sodium ion concentration were measured for the detection of duodenogastric reflux. Measurements of sodium ion concentration permitted estimation of the immediate volume of the duodenogastric reflux in the gastric contents.

[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a complication of rarely occurring stomach ulcers].

The article analyses the results of endoscopic examination of 1,476 patients with chronic gastric ulcer and the data on clinical observation over 114 patients with peptic ulcer complicated by hemorrhage. The following rare forms should be distinguished among chronic gastric ulcers: proximal, giant, multiple, ulcers of the pyloric ring or prepyloric ulcers combined with duodenal ulcers. These ulcers differ from true gastric ulcers in being often complicated by hemorrhage, which is usually profuse.

[Giant stomach ulcers].

The authors analyse the results of endoscopy in 127 patients and clinical observations over 98 patients with giant ulcers of the stomach. The study provided evidence of the low frequency of giant ulcers, their marked polymorphism, and tendency to bleed and degenerate. These ulcers do not differ from the usual ulcers in the values of the secretory activity of the stomach and the duodenogastric reflux, but possess characteristic morphologic criteria.

[The characteristics of rarely encountered forms of stomach ulcers].

Studies carried out by the authors provided basis for distribution of rarely occurring chronic gastric ulcers into groups: according to the site (proximal ulcers), to the size (giant ones), to the number (multiple ones), and to the typologic features (combined with duodenal ones and ulcers of the pyloric ring and prepyloric part of the stomach). The given ulcers differ from genuine ones in the appearance and the rate of complications determined by morphologic criteria.

[Multiple chronic stomach ulcers].

The results of ambulatory endoscopic and clinical investigations performed in patients with multiple chronic gastric ulcers are analysed. It is established that the mentioned ulcers are characterized by the high incidence of reflux-esophagitis and inclination for bleeding. The operation of choice in multiple chronic ulcers is gastric resection, often atypical, stepped to preserve the reservoir function of the stomach.

[Endoscopy in the evaluation of rare forms of gastric ulcers].

The endoscopic examination made in 49309 patients with long standing "gastritis" history has revealed 1476 patients (2.99%) with ulcers of gastric localization. The diagnosis of ulcer disease of the stomach had been previously established only in 17.