Urinary Biomarkers in Monitoring the Progression and Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease-The Promised Land?

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease, and it leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The clinical manifestations of ADPKD are variable, with extreme differences observable in its progression, even among members of the same family with the same genetic mutation. In an age of new therapeutic options, it is important to identify patients with rapidly progressive evolution and the risk factors involved in the disease's poor prognosis.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Diabetic Kidney Disease-How Deep Can We Go?

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and multiple underlying mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) have been described. Although various treatments and diagnosis applications are available, DN remains a clinical and economic burden, considering that about 40% of type 2 diabetes patients will develop nephropathy. In the past years, some research found that hypoxia response and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of DN.