Investigation of the relationship between interferon-gamma receptor 1-56C/T gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to lung sarcoidosis: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) polymorphism and susceptibility to lung sarcoidosis.

Patients And Methods: The study included a total of 55 patients (13 males, 42 females; mean age: 46.5±9.

Validation of the Turkish Version of the Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study.

Objective And Aim:  Sarcoidosis, a multisystemic granulomatous disease, generally results in a lower quality of life (QoL) because of its unexpected course and diverse clinical symptoms. The Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire (SHQ) evaluates the QoL for people with sarcoidosis in terms of their health. This study set out to validate the SHQ in a group of Turkish sarcoidosis patients.

The effect of sarcopenia and serum myokines on prognosis and survival in cirrhotic patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective: Sarcopenia is one of the most significant contributors to morbidity in patients with chronic liver disease. Serum myokines are potential biomarkers for detecting early sarcopenia. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum myokines and cirrhosis-related mortality in the early stages of the disease.

Evaluation of Exudative Pleural Effusions: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic performances of pleural procedures in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions and to evaluate factors suggestive of benign or malignant pleural effusions in tertiary care centers.

Methods: This was a multicenter prospective observational study conducted between January 1 and December 31, 2018. A total of 777 patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion after the initial work-up were evaluated.

The utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio determined at initial diagnosis in predicting disease stage and discriminating between active and stable disease in patients with sarcoidosis: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) determined at initial diagnosis in predicting advanced disease stage and discriminating between active and stable disease in sarcoidosis.

Methods: A total of 465 patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis (age: 47 years, 70.5% females) were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study.

The Efficiency of Fractional Anisotropy, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, and Contrast Enhancement Index in Liver Fibrosis Staging.

Objectives: Even though magnetic resonance imaging has been described as the most effective imaging method for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, an accepted magnetic resonance ımaging (MRI) technique is yet to be defined. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of MRI in the staging of liver fibrosis.

Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and had upper abdominal MRI with hepatocyte specific contrast agent were evaluated.

Use of Radiology, D-Dimer, and Mean Platelet Volume Combination as a Prognostic Marker in Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease-19 Patients.

Introduction: The search for biomarkers that could help in predicting disease prognosis in the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is still high on the agenda.

Objective: To find out the efficacy of D-dimer and mean platelet volume (MPV) combination as a prognostic marker in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with bilateral infiltration.

Materials And Methods: Study design: Retrospective observational cohort.

Are inflammatory and malnutrition markers associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with sarcoidosis?

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the use of Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, controlling nutritional status, and prognostic nutritional index immune, inflammatory, and malnutrition markers Metabolic syndrome+ in sarcoidosis patients, as an early-stage marker.

Method: This is a single-center and cross-sectional study that determines the association of Metabolic syndrome in patients with sarcoidosis. Patients were evaluated based on the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

Prognostic value of inflammatory markers determined during diagnosis in patients with sarcoidosis: chronic versus remission.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of inflammatory markers determined during admission among patients with sarcoidosis with chronic and remission groups.

Methods: This study was designed as retrospective single-center study. Patients with sarcoidosis without treatment and who had at least two years of follow-up were included in this study.

Progressive Arterial Insufficiency in a Displaced Salter-Harris Type 1 Distal Femoral Fracture: A Case Report.

Case: A 17-year-old male patient presented with Salter-Harris type I hyperextension injury of left distal femur with delayed development of acute limb ischemia secondary to popliteal artery injury.

Conclusion: Popliteal artery injury associated with distal femoral physeal fracture may not be clinically obvious at the time of initial presentation. When initial pulse examination and segmental Doppler measurements are normal, it is important to perform serial examination by experienced examiners because arterial insufficiency may develop over the subsequent 48 hours.

Liver and pancreas: 'Castor and Pollux' regarding the relationship between hepatic steatosis and pancreas exocrine insufficiency.

Background: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is found in 30-50% of diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance is triggering factor in both DM and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate frequency of PEI in NAFLD, and relationship of fecal pancreatic elastase (PE) levels with liver histology and pancreatic fat.

Identifying the relationship among sleep, mental status, daily living activities, depression and pain in older adults: a comparative study in Yalova, Turkey.

Objective: To examine the dependency levels of older adults living in nursing homes and home environments in their daily life activities, and the relationship involving pain, sleep, depression, and mental status affecting these levels.

Methods: The comparative-descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Cinarcik district of Yalova province, Turkey, from February to May 2016, and comprised older adults living in a nursing home and those in home environments. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews, a questionnaire, Barthel Index, Visual Analogue Scale, Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Synthesis of glycoimmunogen Tn-Thr-PS A1 hydrazone bond and stability optimization of PS A1 monosaccharide mimics under vaccine development conditions.

Previously, our group constructed several immunogens utilizing oxime linkage to conjugate a T-cell stimulatory zwitterionic polysaccharide PS A1 and tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) in acetate buffer. Here, a semi-synthetic immunogen was synthesized using hydrazone conjugation between PS A1 and a glycopeptide hydrazide (α-d-GalNAc-l-Thr-NH-NH) with an excellent loading in PBS buffer. To get robust immune response, the retention of zwitterionic character of PS A1 under vaccine construction conditions is essential.

Site-Selective Synthesis of Insulin Azides and Bioconjugates.

A synthetic method to access novel azido-insulin analogs directly from recombinant human insulin (RHI) was developed via diazo-transfer chemistry using imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide. Systematic optimization of reaction conditions led to site-selective azidation of amino acids B1-phenylalanine and B29-lysine present in RHI. Subsequently, the azido-insulin analogs were used in azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions to synthesize a diverse array of triazole-based RHI bioconjugates that were found to be potent human insulin receptor binders.

MK-8353: Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Dual Mechanism ERK Inhibitor for Oncology.

The emergence and evolution of new immunological cancer therapies has sparked a rapidly growing interest in discovering novel pathways to treat cancer. Toward this aim, a novel series of pyrrolidine derivatives (compound ) were identified as potent inhibitors of ERK1/2 with excellent kinase selectivity and dual mechanism of action but suffered from poor pharmacokinetics (PK). The challenge of PK was overcome by the discovery of a novel 3()-thiomethyl pyrrolidine analog .

Triphenylphosphonium cation: A valuable functional group for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Light-mediated killing of pathogens by cationic photosensitisers is a promising antimicrobial approach that avoids the development of resistance inherent to the use of antimicrobials. In this study, we demonstrate that modification of different photosensitisers with the triphenylphosphonium cation yields derivatives with excellent photoantimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (ie, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis). Thus, the triphenylphosphonium functional group should be considered for the development of photoantimicrobials for the selective killing of Gram-positive bacteria in the presence of Gram-negative species.

Discovery of 3(S)-thiomethyl pyrrolidine ERK inhibitors for oncology.

Compound 5 (SCH772984) was identified as a potent inhibitor of ERK1/2 with excellent selectivity against a panel of kinases (0/231 kinases tested @ 100 nM) and good cell proliferation activity, but suffered from poor PK (rat AUC PK @10 mpk = 0 μM h; F% = 0) which precluded further development. In an effort to identify novel ERK inhibitors with improved PK properties with respect to 5, a systematic exploration of sterics and composition at the 3-position of the pyrrolidine led to the discovery of a novel 3(S)-thiomethyl pyrrolidine analog 28 with vastly improved PK (rat AUC PK @10 mpk = 26 μM h; F% = 70).

Discovery of 3-morpholino-imidazole[1,5-a]pyrazine BTK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis.

8-Amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-based Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, such as 6, exhibited potent inhibition of BTK but required improvements in both kinase and hERG selectivity (Liu et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2017).

Coronary flow reserve is reduced in sarcoidosis.

Background And Aims: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease with frequent cardiac involvement, albeit manifest cardiac disease is rare. Though epicardial coronary arteries are not frequently involved, microvascular disease is rather common in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The mechanism of microvascular involvement has not been elaborated yet.

Hepatic features of Wilson disease.

In Wilson disease (WD) defective AT7B function leads to biliary copper excretion and pathologic copper accumulation, particularly in liver and brain, where it induces cellular damage. Liver disease most often precedes neurologic or psychiatric manifestations. In most patients with neurologic or psychiatric symptoms there is some degree of liver disease at the time of disease presentation.

Discovery of novel BTK inhibitors with carboxylic acids.

We report the design and synthesis of a series of novel Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors with a carboxylic acid moiety in the ribose pocket. This series of compounds has demonstrated much improved off-target selectivities including adenosine uptake (AdU) inhibition compared to the piperidine amide series. Optimization of the initial lead compound 4 based on BTK enzyme inhibition, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (hPBMC) and human whole blood (hWB) activity led to the discovery of compound 40, with potent BTK inhibition, reduced off target activities, as well as favorable pharmacokinetic profile in both rat and dog.

Serum Uric Acid Levels and Uric Acid/Creatinine Ratios in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: Are These Parameters Efficient Predictors of Patients at Risk for Exacerbation and/or Severity of Disease?

BACKGROUND Serum uric acid (sUA) levels were previously found to be correlated with hypoxic states. We aimed to determine the levels of sUA and sUA/creatinine ratios in stable COPD patients and to evaluate whether sUA level and sUA/creatinine ratio can be used as predictors of exacerbation risk and disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included stable COPD patients and healthy controls.

Value of Cystatin C-Based e-GFR Measurements to Predict Long-Term Tenofovir Nephrotoxicity in Patients With Hepatitis B.

Background: Cystatin C is a genuine marker for detecting minor reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR).

Study Question: We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cystatin C levels in predicting nephrotoxicity due to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Study Design: Seventy-six naive hepatitis B virus patients and 44 controls were enrolled in this prospective cohort study.