Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-2-nitrate and isosorbide-5-nitrate in renal insufficiency after repeated oral dosage.

The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its two active metabolites isosorbide-2-nitrate (IS-2-N) and isosorbide-5-nitrate (IS-5-N) were studied in 20 patients with normal and impaired renal function after repeated oral doses of standard 20 mg tablets ISDN t.i.d.

Investigation of the gastrointestinal transit and in vivo drug release of isosorbide-5-nitrate pellets.

An oral formulation of controlled-release isosorbide-5-nitrate pellets has been used to investigate the location of pellets in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and, in parallel, to measure the drug absorption from these locations. Using the method of gamma scintigraphy the transit times and spreading of pellets in the GI tract have been determined. The method of numeric deconvolution was applied to calculate the drug input into the systemic circulation.

[Interval therapy in effective treatment of angina pectoris using nitroglycerin patch systems. A controlled study with determination of nitroglycerin plasma levels].

In ten patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease, stable angina pectoris and reproducible exercise-induced ST-segment depression, the extent and duration of antiischemic and antianginal effects of transdermal nitroglycerin patches delivering 10 mg/24 hours were investigated according to a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled protocol. Exercise testing and blood sampling for determination of nitroglycerin plasma concentrations were carried out at 2.5 and twelve hours after initial application, at 2.

Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-nitrate during haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-nitrate (IS-5-N) was studied in ten patients on haemodialysis (HD) after a single oral dose of 20 mg IS-5-N, and in six patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after repeated oral doses of 3 X 20 mg IS-5-N. There was significant removal of IS-5-N from blood during HD; Cmax decreased by about 20%, AUC(0-8 h) by 30% and t1/2 by about 20% from 4.3 to 3.

Nitrate therapy without loss of action by correct dosage.

Previous studies carried out with ISDN prove that long lasting, unfluctuating plasma concentrations--e.g. above 300 ng IS-5-N/ml--cause a severe loss of action.

[Behavior of chloramphenicol residues following intramuscular administration in swine].

Residues of chloramphenicol (CAP) were examined in 24 pigs after intramuscular injection of 30 mg CAP/kg body weight. Two pigs were slaughtered after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 hours, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 and 30 days, respectively. CAP-concentrations were determined in muscle, blood, urine, liver, kidney, bile, and fat.