Publishing trends in velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Objective: This study seeks to describe publishing trends for VPI over a 33-year span with regard to treating specialty, methods of assessment, related diagnoses, and methods of treatment for each specialty.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed on "velopharyngeal insufficiency" using medical subject headings terms from 1985 to 2017. Publisher specialty, method(s) of VPI assessment, associated diagnosis/diagnoses, and method(s) of VPI treatment per specialty and combined across specialties were analyzed.

Pyridostigmine for the Reversal of Severe Adverse Reactions to Botulinum Toxin in Children.

Therapeutic botulinum toxin injections are commonly performed in pediatric otolaryngology. Aerodigestive complications from botulinum toxin injections, although rare, may be serious. Oral pyridostigmine is effective in the symptomatic treatment of these complications.

Publishing Trends in Otology and Neurotology.

Objectives: 1) Describe publishing trends for otologic/neurotologic disorders over a 35-year span. 2) Compare trends in publishing with disease prevalence. 3) Evaluate changes in topic and journal specific ranking scores over time.

Muc5b is required for airway defence.

Respiratory surfaces are exposed to billions of particulates and pathogens daily. A protective mucus barrier traps and eliminates them through mucociliary clearance (MCC). However, excessive mucus contributes to transient respiratory infections and to the pathogenesis of numerous respiratory diseases.

The best next drug in the course of generalized anxiety disorders: the "PN-GAD-algorithm".

Objective: Today, there are many pharmacotherapeutic options for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The question is, which is the best medication for a particular patient at a particular moment? This is especially challenging because GAD is by definition a chronic disorder and new interventions should learn from earlier experiences. An algorithm which can help to use pretreatment information for drug selection is the "Pretreatment - Next Treatment (PN) - Algorithm".

Dual-isotope SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine: a comparative study between never-treated and haloperidol-treated first-episode schizophrenic patients.

The aim of this dual-isotope SPECT imaging study was to evaluate striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and D2 receptor availability in first-episode never-treated and haloperidol-treated schizophrenic patients and whether the availability is associated with psychopathology. Twenty-four inpatients with a first acute schizophrenic episode were enrolled in the study; 12 of these patients were treated with haloperidol for 2 weeks before dual-isotope SPECT was performed, whereas the other 12 patients underwent the SPECT evaluation directly after enrollment. Twelve healthy control persons were also recruited and evaluated with the dual-isotope SPECT protocol.

[Tranylcypromine for chronic therapy-resistant agoraphobia with panic disorder and recurrent depressive disorder].

Objective: Tranylcypromine has been recommend as an option for therapy-resistant depressive and anxiety disorders. In this case report the effectiveness of this medication as a part of a combined therapy-program including pharmacological, behavioural and psychodynamic interventions could be demonstrated on an outpatient with a therapy-resistant depression and agoraphobia.

Methods: The development of the illness, clinical symptoms and the 4 year ongoing therapy of a 69-year old patient are described in detail.

Impacts of fire and fire surrogate treatments on forest soil properties: a meta-analytical approach.

The soils underlying the 12 Fire and Fire Surrogates Network include six soil orders and >50 named soil series. Across the network, pretreatment soils varied from 3.7 to 7.

Striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy, clinical response and side effects with amisulpride: an iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPET study.

Introduction: Amisulpride appears to be an effective atypical agent for treating schizophrenia in a dose-dependent manner.

Methods: 29 patients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were treated with a broad dose range of amisulpride (50-1 200 mg/day, mean: 455.2+/-278.

[Pathologic worry].

"Pathologic worry" is a new term in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-classification of anxiety disorders. Worry is a common symptom in psychiatric disorders, special in depression and specific for GAD. The new scales DANDTE (self-Rating-Inventory) and BOEAS (observer Rating Scale) were developed for the clinical routine and provide an economic and precise rating also for other anxiety symptoms.

[Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)--diagnosis and therapy].

The GAD is an important psychiatric disorder with high comorbidity and often chronic course. The differentiation against depression is not easy. In this review evidence based standards of therapy are discussed.

Ecophysiological responses of two herbaceous species to prescribed burning, alone or in combination with overstory thinning.

The oak-rich deciduous forests of the central Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America have changed significantly since the onset of effective fire suppression early in the 20th century. Those changes have resulted in progressively decreasing light and nutrient supplies to herbaceous perennial understory species. Application of ecological restoration treatments such as reintroduction of frequent dormant-season fire and overstory thinning to pre-suppression density often increase light, soil temperature and moisture, and short-term nutrient availability to pre-suppression levels.

Effects of fire alone or combined with thinning on tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption in Desmodium nudiflorum.

This study examined tissue nutrient responses of Desmodium nudiflorum to changes in soil total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and available phosphorus (P) that occurred as the result of the application of alternative forest management strategies, namely (1) prescribed low-intensity fire (B), (2) overstory thinning followed by prescribed fire (T + B), and (3) untreated control C), in two Quercus-dominated forests in the State of Ohio, USA. In the fourth growing season after a first fire, TIN was significantly greater in the control plots (9.8 mg/kg) than in the B (5.

Spatial patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum in arbuscular mycorrhizal barrens communities: implications for controlling invasion by Pinus virginiana.

Invasion of globally threatened ecosystems dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, such as the alkaline prairies and serpentine barrens of eastern North America, by species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) pine (Pinus) seriously threatens the persistence, conservation, and ongoing restoration of these rare plant communities. Using Maryland serpentine barrens and an Ohio alkaline prairie complex as model systems, we tested the hypothesis that the invasiveness of Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana L.) into such communities is regulated by the spatial pattern of ECM fungal inoculum in the soil.

[Anxiety disorders: diagnosis and therapy from the family physician's perspective].

Anxiety disorders today are regarded as very treatable conditions, provided that pharmaco- and/or psychotherapy are implemented according to evidence-based guidelines. The family physician treats primarily with pharmaceutical preparations. For this, a series of antidepressants, mainly belonging to the SSRI and SNRI substance groups, are available.

[Panic attacks and panic disorder: recognition and treatment].

To recognize and treat panic attacks or a panic disorder are still an important function of the family doctor. For a one-time panic attack, specific counseling is normally sufficient. A panic disorder should be treated early with drugs and/or with psychotherapy and, in particular, with behavioral therapy.

Attenuation of neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal side effects by Kava special extract WS 1490.

We studied at 42 patients (17 female, 25 male) with different psychiatric diagnoses, who were pretreated by neuroleptics, the efficacy and tolerability of the Kava special extract WS 1490 on extrapyramidal side effects. In both patient and physician questionnaires as well as in the physician's global ratings, significant improvements were found for all extrapyramidal signs and symptoms recorded. The concomitant intake of WS 1490 was well tolerated by the patients.

[Anxiety in elderly people -- epidemiology, diagnostic features and therapeutic options].

Anxiety disorders in older age represent with a prevalence rate of 10 % an important psychiatric problem, which has not been adequately recognised and diagnosed. This can be explained from the idea, that pathologic anxiety was evaluated as a normal reaction by elderly people. The actual classification of anxiety disorders with ICD-10 or DSM-IV was not sufficient and should be complemented by a syndromanal approach.

[Panic attacks and panic disorder. Checklist for the diagnosis].

After looking for possible organic factors, other psychiatric disorders must be considered, e.g. depression or other anxiety disorders.

Glomalin content of forest soils in relation to fire frequency and landscape position.

Low-intensity, dormant season fires were frequent and widespread in oak-hickory ( Quercus-Carya) forests of eastern North America until widespread fire suppression began in the mid-1900s. To assess how reintroduction of fire into such ecosystems might affect the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and, thereby, predict the long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, we analyzed the content of the immunoreactive fractions of the AM-fungus-specific glycoprotein glomalin in soils taken in 1994 and 2000 from three forested watersheds in southern Ohio, USA. One watershed remained unburned, one was burned annually from 1996-1999 and one was burned twice, in 1996 and 1999.

Identifying and modulating disulfide formation in the biopharmaceutical production of a recombinant protein vaccine candidate.

Structural conversion of the serotype A recombinant botulinum neurotoxin heavy chain fragment (rBoNTA(Hc)) produced intracellularly in Pichia pastoris yeast was observed and characterized during purification development efforts. A pH screening study captured the transformation stages of the original recovered species into its derived counterpart and a number of analytical tools such as peptide mapping by LC/MS confirmed the formation of a disulfide bond, especially in samples of neutral to basic pH. A cation exchange chromatographic method proved useful in following the incidence of the reaction in various rBoNTA(Hc) samples.