Coronoid fractures and traumatic elbow instability.

The coronoid process is key to concentric elbow alignment. Malalignment can contribute to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The aim of treatment is to keep the joint aligned while the collateral ligaments and fractures heal.

Disease activity-based management of rheumatoid arthritis in Dutch daily clinical practice has improved over the past decade.

To re-evaluate the adherence to clinical practice guidelines recommended disease activity-based management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in daily clinical practice, among Dutch rheumatologists in the past decade. In 2007, disease activity was measured in only 16% of outpatient visits. All rheumatologists that participated in the 2007 study were invited to re-enter our study in 2016/2017.

Implementing physical activity programs for patients with cancer in current practice: patients' experienced barriers and facilitators.

Purpose: The present study aimed to identify patients' experienced barriers and facilitators in implementing physical activity programs for patients with cancer.

Methods: We interviewed 34 patients in focus-group-interviews from three different hospital-types. We included patients with cancer who were either receiving curative treatment or had recently completed it.

Mindfulness for children with ADHD and Mindful Parenting (MindChamp): Protocol of a randomised controlled trial comparing a family Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an add-on to care-as-usual with care-as-usual only.

Background: Self-control in childhood has been linked to long-term and cascading effects on health, academic, criminality, wealth and parenting outcomes. Hence it is important to target self-control deficits early in life. Self-control deficits are a hallmark of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Future Forest Cover Change Scenarios with Implications for Landslide Risk: An Example from Buzau Subcarpathians, Romania.

This study focuses on future forest cover change in Buzau Subcarpathians, a landslide prone region in Romania. Past and current trends suggest that the area might expect a future increase in deforestation. We developed spatially explicit scenarios until 2040 to analyze the spatial pattern of future forest cover change and potential changes to landslide risk.

Endothelial Kruppel-like factor 4 protects against atherothrombosis in mice.

The endothelium regulates vascular homeostasis, and endothelial dysfunction is a proximate event in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Stimulation of the endothelium with proinflammatory cytokines or exposure to hemodynamic-induced disturbed flow leads to a proadhesive and prothrombotic phenotype that promotes atherothrombosis. In contrast, exposure to arterial laminar flow induces a gene program that confers a largely antiadhesive, antithrombotic effect.

Evaluation of soil erosion risk using Analytic Network Process and GIS: a case study from Spanish mountain olive plantations.

The study presents an approach that combined objective information such as sampling or experimental data with subjective information such as expert opinions. This combined approach was based on the Analytic Network Process method. It was applied to evaluate soil erosion risk and overcomes one of the drawbacks of USLE/RUSLE soil erosion models, namely that they do not consider interactions among soil erosion factors.

Explant pathology study of decellularized carotid artery vascular grafts.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic findings in small-diameter freeze-dried decellularized carotid artery grafts implanted in goats as carotid artery interposition grafts for 6-7 months. Unimplanted decellularized carotid artery grafts did not contain intact cells; however, remnants of smooth muscle cells were present in the media. The extracellular matrix was well preserved.

Both dietary fish-oil supplementation and aspirin fail to inhibit atherosclerosis in long-term vein bypass grafts in moderately hypercholesterolemic nonhuman primates.

Background: Aortocoronary vein bypass grafts are vulnerable to late atherosclerotic occlusion. Conventional platelet inhibitor therapy provides early but not persistent protection against graft failure. Evidence suggests that consumption of marine foods may reduce cardiovascular disease, possibly because of the unique long-chain unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids present in these foods.

Dietary fish oil decreases low-density-lipoprotein clearance in nonhuman primates.

To assess whether fish oil-induced alterations in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) composition have distinct and important effects on LDL metabolism, we evaluated LDL kinetic behavior in cynomolgus macaques fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with either fish oil (1.6 g n-3 fatty acids; n = 10) or olive oil (n = 9) for > or = 6 mo. LDL from monkeys supplemented with fish oil or olive oil was isolated, labeled with either 125I or 131I, and simultaneously reinjected so that each monkey received its own (autologous injection) and donor (homologous injection) LDL.

Reactivity of human saphenous veins at arterial perfusion pressures.

Vasospasm of human saphenous vein grafts has been reported after aorta-coronary bypass operations. However, it is unknown whether veno-arterial grafts are inherently responsive to vasoconstrictor stimuli after implantation into the arterial circulation or whether their vasomotion is secondary to hemodynamic changes. Thus in this study we used in vitro methods to directly evaluate whether isolated human saphenous vein segments respond to vasoconstrictor agents at arterial pressure levels.

Tolerance of the developing heart to ischemia: impact of hypoxemia from birth.

Many infants who require cardiac surgery have cyanotic heart disease. We assessed the relative tolerances to ischemia of hearts from immature normoxemic rabbits versus hearts from immature rabbits subjected to hypoxemia since birth. Normoxemic animals were raised from birth in an environment where the inspired fractional concentration of oxygen (FIO2) was 0.

Vascular effects of spinal cord stimulation in the monkey.

Because of clinical reports suggesting beneficial effects of electrical stimulation in peripheral vascular disease, studies have been conducted in the monkey. Regional blood flow was measured prior to, during and following the application of electrical currents to the spinal cord. The flow measurements were made using radioactive microspheres.

Comparison of saphenous vein graft relaxation between Plasma-Lyte solution and normal saline solution.

Venospasm of saphenous vein grafts may damage endothelial cells and compromise early and late graft performance. Hence it is desirable to identify and use storage solutions that minimize vascular spasm during vein preparation. In view of this, we initiated isometric tension-recording studies in isolated canine and human saphenous vein to evaluate the acute, vasoactive effects of two storage solutions, Plasma-Lyte solution and normal saline solution.

Validity of cardiac output measurement by the thermodilution method in the presence of acute tricuspid regurgitation.

Evaluation of patients with acute tricuspid insufficiency may include assessment of cardiac output by the thermodilution method. The accuracy of estimates of thermodilution-derived cardiac output in the presence of tricuspid insufficiency has been questioned. This study was designed to determine the validity of the thermodilution technique in a canine model of acute reversible tricuspid insufficiency.

Protection of the ischemic immature heart--effect of perfusate reinfusion and composition.

We determined the influence of perfusate composition and reinfusion during ischemia upon myocardial protection in the immature rabbit heart. Isolated "working" hearts (n = 6 per group) from 7-10-day-old New Zealand White rabbits were perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffer and function measured. Hearts were then arrested with 3 minutes cold (14 degrees C) perfusion with bicarbonate buffer (as hypothermia-alone group) or St.

Heparinization of biological vascular graft reduces fibrin deposition.

An alternative graft is needed for coronary bypass operations in patients lacking suitable autologous vessels. We therefore studied Denaflex, a biologic graft, in a dog ex-vivo shunt model to determine whether heparin treatment makes this graft less thrombogenic. Comparison was also made to Bioflow, a nonheparinized biologic graft.

Age and protection of the ischemic myocardium: is alkaline cardioplegia appropriate?

Hypothermic alkaline pharmacologic cardioplegia used in pediatric cardiac surgery may be less than satisfactory despite its benefits in adults. We determined whether the pH (7.8) of standard St.

The lack of effect of hemodilution, myocardial water content, and increased coronary artery blood flow on integrated myocardial ultrasonic backscatter in the beating canine heart.

The effects of coronary blood flow, tissue water content and hematocrit variation on the Integrated Myocardial Backscatter Rayleigh 5 (IBR5) and Fourier coefficient of amplitude modulation (FAM, an index of cardiac cycle-dependent variation in IBR5) were measured in five open chest dogs. Data were obtained at baseline, during adenosine infusion and after two hours of crystalloid hemodilution (Hct 15%). IBR5 of -46.

The effect of ambient temperature on papaverine-induced relaxations in canine saphenous veins.

This study was designed to measure the effect of ambient temperature (25 degrees C) on papaverine-induced relaxations in canine saphenous veins. Segments of vein were suspended in water-jacketed tissue baths at 37 degrees C, and isometric tension was recorded. After equilibration, veins were preconstricted by a median effective dose of norepinephrine 2 x 10(-6) mol/L at either 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C.

Effects of storage solutions on contraction and relaxation of isolated saphenous veins.

Saphenous veins are placed frequently in storage solutions before use as coronary bypass grafts. Controversy remains regarding which solution is optimal for the preservation of endothelium and vascular smooth muscle viability. Thus, this study measured the effect of four different storage solutions on saphenous vein smooth muscle and endothelial cell function.

Atherogenic effect of barotrauma on in situ saphenous veins in monkeys.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether veins subjected to barotrauma in situ undergo lipid uptake and morphologic changes to the same extent as veins grafted into the arterial circulation. Saphenous veins in seven stump-tailed macaque monkeys were exposed bilaterally and were circumferentially dissected free from surrounding tissue only at isolated sites. Segments of the veins were distended for 1 minute at hydrostatic pressures of 125 or 350 mm Hg.

Acute, reversible tricuspid insufficiency: creation in canine model.

Relatively few methods have been described for the creation of valvular insufficiency in an animal model. Those presented involve limitations such as permanent destruction of the valves or lack of control over the degree of regurgitation produced. We describe a method of acute reversible tricuspid insufficiency that can be easily created and controlled in anesthetized dogs.

Cardioplegia-induced damage to ischemic immature myocardium is independent of oxygen availability.

The known benefits of hypothermic pharmacological cardioplegia in protecting the ischemic adult heart may not extend to children. Protection of the ischemic immature rabbit heart with hypothermic Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer is better than with hypothermic St. Thomas' II cardioplegic solution.

Histologic, morphometric, and biochemical evolution of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. III. Long-term changes and their modification by platelet inhibition with aspirin and dipyridamole.

The objectives of this study were to elucidate the long-term influence on vein bypass grafts of platelet inhibition and its late discontinuation. Cephalic vein grafts were interposed bilaterally in the femoral arteries of stump-tailed macaque monkeys fed a diet that sustains plasma cholesterol levels of approximately 225 mg/dl. Fifteen animals were divided into three groups of five animals each.