CpG postconditioning after reperfused myocardial infarction is associated with modulated inflammation, less apoptosis, and better left ventricular function.

Postconditioning attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether postconditioning with the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG)-containing Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) ligand 1668-thioate (CpG) can modulate inflammation and remodeling in reperfused murine MI. Thirty minutes of left descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion was conducted in 12-wk-old C57BL/6 mice.

Pulmonary function decline in immediate postoperative period is not necessarily related to residual neuromuscular block: An observational study.

Background: Previous studies have reported an association between the use of neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agents and postoperative pulmonary complications. Postoperative pulmonary function is a key indicator for postoperative pulmonary complications. Several sites can be used to assess depth and recovery from NMB.

Low-tidal-volume prevent ventilation induced inflammation in a mouse model of sepsis.

Background And Goal Of The Study: Pulmonary inflammation, increased vascular permeability, and pulmonary edema, occur in response to primary pulmonary infections like pneumonia but are also evident in endotoxemia or sepsis. Mechanical ventilation augments pre-existing lung injury and inflammation resulting from exposure to microbial products. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that low-tidal-volume prevent ventilation induced lung injury in sepsis.

Synthetic CpG oligonucleotides induce a genetic profile ameliorating murine myocardial I/R injury.

We previously demonstrated that pre-conditioning with CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) 1668 induces quick up-regulation of gene expression 3 hours post-murine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, terminating inflammatory processes that sustain I/R injury. Now, performing comprehensive microarray and biocomputational analyses, we sought to further enlighten the "black box" beyond these first 3 hours. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with either CpG 1668 or with control ODN 1612, respectively.

Vendor effects on murine gut microbiota influence experimental abdominal sepsis.

Background: Experimental animal models are indispensable components of preclinical sepsis research. Reproducible results highly rely on defined and invariant baseline conditions. Our hypothesis was that the murine gut microbiota varies among different distributors of laboratory animals and that these variations influence the phenotype of abdominal sepsis derived from a bacterial inoculum model (intraperitoneal stool injection).

[Cardiac evaluation before non-cardiac surgery].

Before non-cardiac surgery, evaluation of cardiac function is no frequent part of surgical treatment. European societies of anesthesiology and cardiology published consensus-guidelines in 2014 to present a reasonable approach for preoperative evaluation. This paper intends to differentiate the composite of perioperative risk and to display the guidelines methodical approach to handle it.

Preoperative patient assessment: Identifying patients at high risk.

Postoperative mortality remains alarmingly high with a mortality rate ranging between 0.4% and 4%. A small subgroup of multimorbid and/or elderly patients undergoing different surgical procedures naturally confers the highest risk of complications and perioperative death.

Effects of prehospital hypothermia on transfusion requirements and outcomes: a retrospective observatory trial.

Objectives: Prehospital hypothermia is defined as a core temperature <36.0 °C and has been shown to be an independent risk factor for early death in patients with trauma. In a retrospective study, a possible correlation between the body temperature at the time of admission to the emergency room and subsequent in-hospital transfusion requirements and the in-hospital mortality rate was explored.

Tlr4 Deficiency Protects against Cardiac Pressure Overload Induced Hyperinflammation.

Transverse aortic constriction provokes a pro-inflammatory reaction and results in cardiac hypertrophy. Endogenous ligands contribute to cardiac hypertrophy via toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 binding. A lack of TLR4 signaling diminishes hypertrophy and inflammation.

[Perioperative risk and mortality after major surgery].

Although anesthesia-associated mortality has been significantly reduced down to 0.00068-0.00082% over the last decades, recent studies have revealed a high perioperative mortality of 0.

Antifungal antibiotics modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity of human monocytes in an in vitro sepsis model.

Aims: The incidence of secondary systemic fungal infections has sharply increased in bacterial septic patients. Antimycotics exhibit immunomodulatory properties, yet these effects are incompletely understood in secondary systemic fungal infections following bacterial sepsis. We investigated a model of systemic inflammation to determine whether antimycotics (liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), itraconazol (ITC), and anidulafungin (ANI)) modulate the gene and protein expression as well as the phagocytic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes.

Epidemiology of the high-risk population: perioperative risk and mortality after surgery.

Purpose Of Review: This review will provide an overview of actual data concerning perioperative risk. Furthermore, strategies to prevent, detect and treat perioperative complications will be discussed.

Recent Findings: Perioperative in-hospital mortality rate of 0.

[Anesthesia in children and adolescents with congenital heart defects].

The incidence of congenital heart defects (CHD) has remained constant over many years; however, due to improved therapeutic options an increasing number of children and adolescents even with complex heart defects now reach adulthood. The increasing prevalence of adults with persisting or surgically corrected CHD as well as age-dependent non-cardiac comorbidities will increase the need for medical and non-cardiac surgical treatment in this population. Although elective medical care for these patients should be reserved for highly specialized centers, emergency treatment might become necessary in a non-specialized hospital setting as well.

Safety and economic considerations of argatroban use in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) causes thromboembolic complications which threaten life and limb. Heparin is administered to virtually every critically ill patient as a protective measure against thromboembolism. Argatroban is a promising alternative anticoagulant agent.

Postconditioning with a CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotide ameliorates myocardial infarction in a murine closed-chest model.

Aims: Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) exerts preconditioning in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. We hypothesized a postconditioning effect of CpG-ODN in a murine closed-chest model of myocardial infarction.

Materials And Methods: C57BL/6 (12 weeks, male, WT) mice were instrumented at the left anterior descending artery, then allowed 5d of recovery before 30 min ischemia.

[Rare complication after endoscopic discectomy].

Surgical treatment of the lumbar spine is a standard procedure in orthopedic and neurosurgery. After endoscopic discectomy an otherwise healthy patient developed massive dyspnea in combination with severe abdominal pain. Sonography revealed a large volume of free fluid in the abdominal cavity which proved to be surgical irrigation solution after computed tomography (CT) guided puncture.

Antibiotics regulate the immune response in both presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide through modulation of Toll-like receptors, cytokine production and phagocytosis in vitro.

The inflammatory response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in sepsis is mediated via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Since TLRs also trigger various immune functions, including phagocytosis, their modulation is a promising strategy in the treatment of sepsis. As antibiotics have immunomodulatory properties, this study examined the effect of commonly used classes of antibiotics on i) the expression of TLRs and cytokines and ii) the phagocytic activity under sepsis-like conditions in vitro.

TLR2 stimulation induces cardiac inflammation but not cardiac depression in vivo.

Background: Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus induce myocardial dysfunction in vivo. To rectify conflicting evidence about the role of TLR2 signaling and cardiac dysfunction, we hypothesized that the specific TLR2 agonist purified lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus contributes to cardiac dysfunction in vitro and in vivo.

Toll-like receptor 9 promotes cardiac inflammation and heart failure during polymicrobial sepsis.

Background: Aim was to elucidate the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in cardiac inflammation and septic heart failure in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis.

Methods: Sepsis was induced via colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TLR9-deficient (TLR9-D) mice. Bacterial load in the peritoneal cavity and cardiac expression of inflammatory mediators were determined at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 h.

Pre-conditioning with synthetic CpG-oligonucleotides attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via IL-10 up-regulation.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether pre-conditioning with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) may change cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-dependent inflammation and modulates infarct size and cardiac performance. WT and TLR9-deficient mice were pre-treated with 1668-, 1612- and H154-thioate or D-Gal as control. Priming with 1668-thioate significantly induced inflammatory mediators in the serum and a concomitant increase of immune cells in the blood and spleen of WT mice.

In vivo TLR9 inhibition attenuates CpG-induced myocardial dysfunction.

The involvement of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), a receptor for bacterial DNA, in septic cardiac depression has not been clarified in vivo. Thus, the aim of the study was to test possible TLR9 inhibitors (H154-thioate, IRS954-thioate, and chloroquine) for their ability to protect the cardiovascular system in a murine model of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide- (ODN-) dependent systemic inflammation. Sepsis was induced by i.