Adjustment for imbalances in baseline characteristics in the MAGNITUDE phase 3 study confirms the clinical benefit of niraparib in combination with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Background: MAGNITUDE (NCT03748641) demonstrated favourable outcomes with niraparib plus abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (+AAP) versus placebo+AAP in patients with BRCA1/2-altered metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Imbalances in prognostic variables were reported between arms, which impacts estimation of both the clinical benefit and cost‑effectiveness of niraparib+AAP for healthcare systems. A pre-specified multivariable analysis (MVA) demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) with niraparib+AAP.

Development of a multigenomic liquid biopsy (PROSTest) for prostate cancer in whole blood.

Introduction: We describe the development of a molecular assay from publicly available tumor tissue mRNA databases using machine learning and present preliminary evidence of functionality as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for prostate cancer (PCa) in whole blood.

Materials And Methods: We assessed 1055 PCas (public microarray data sets) to identify putative mRNA biomarkers. Specificity was confirmed against 32 different solid and hematological cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 10,990).

Immunohistochemical expression of TROP‑2 (TACSTD2) on the urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and other types of cancer.

In metastatic or locally advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC), therapeutic options have been limited to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Novel targets and drugs such as antibody drug conjugates have been developed, and enfortumab vedotin targeting nectin-4 and sacituzumab govitecan (SG) targeting trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2), the protein product of the TACSTD2 gene, have been approved. The expression of TROP-2 was investigated within UC and other types of carcinomas, and within the tissue of different healthy organs to understand treatment responses and toxicities.

Biweekly vs Triweekly Cabazitaxel in Older Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The CABASTY Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Many patients 65 years or older with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are denied taxane chemotherapy because this treatment is considered unsuitable.

Objective: To determine whether biweekly cabazitaxel (CBZ), 16 mg/m2 (biweekly CBZ16), plus prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at each cycle reduces the risk of grade 3 or higher neutropenia and/or neutropenic complications (eg, febrile neutropenia, neutropenic infection, or sepsis) compared with triweekly CBZ, 25 mg/m2 (triweekly CBZ25), plus G-CSF (standard regimen).

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 196 patients 65 years or older with progressive mCRPC were enrolled in this prospective phase 3 randomized clinical trial conducted in France (18 centers) and Germany (7 centers) between May 5, 2017, and January 7, 2021.

[Androgen deprivation therapy ± new antihormonal therapy for the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer].

Background: From 1941 to 2014, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) was solely treated by surgery or medical castration (androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]). In 2014, the addition of docetaxel chemotherapy (CTX) was shown to significantly improve overall survival. However, CTX is not ideal for all patients.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Prognostic Model for Urologic Cancers: A SEER-Based Study.

Background: Prognostication is essential to determine the risk profile of patients with urologic cancers.

Methods: We utilized the SEER national cancer registry database with approximately 2 million patients diagnosed with urologic cancers (penile, testicular, prostate, bladder, ureter, and kidney). The cohort was randomly divided into the development set (90%) and the out-held test set (10%).

The prognostic potential of alkaline phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase in bmCRPC patients without significant PSA response under enzalutamide.

Background: In patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC) on systemic treatment, it is difficult to differentiate between continuous rise of prostate specific antigen (PSA) representing progression, and PSA-surge, which is followed by clinical response or stable disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of dynamic changes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels as a predictor of clinical efficacy or therapeutic resistance of patients who do not show a sufficient initial PSA decline of ≥50% from baseline during early therapy with Enzalutamide.

Methods: Forty-eight men with bmCRPC on Enzalutamide 07/2010-09/2019 with initially rising PSA were analyzed.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen and fibroblast activation protein distribution in prostate cancer: preliminary data on immunohistochemistry and PET imaging.

Introduction: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been recently presented as new imaging target for malignant diseases and offers high contrast to surrounding normal tissue. FAP tracer uptake has been reported in various tumor entities. The aim of this study was to compare FAP and Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in primary prostate cancer employing histological analyses and PET imaging in two small patient collectives.

Assessment of prognosis by established prognosis scores and physicians' judgement in mRCC patients: an analysis of the STAR-TOR registry.

Background: Temsirolimus is a mTOR inhibitor approved for the first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (a/mRCC) with poor prognosis. In treatment of a/mRCC several prognostic scoring systems are used. We assessed the prognostic value of these scores in a large temsirolimus treated cohort and compared the results with the physician's prognosis.

ALP bouncing and LDH normalization in bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients under therapy with Enzalutamide: an exploratory analysis.

Background: In bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC) treated with Enzalutamide commonly used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can be misleading since initial PSA-flares may occur. In other therapies, bouncing of alkaline phosphatase (ALP-bouncing) was shown to be a promising surrogate for survival outcome. Low lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is usually associated with better outcome.

Lutetium-177 Labelled PSMA Targeted Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Patients suffering from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have a poor prognosis. As a further treatment option Lutetium (Lu) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy gained a significant interest of many investigators. Several publications showed great response and prolonged survival with limited adverse events.

Real-world outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma according to risk factors: the STAR-TOR registry.

Examine outcomes in sunitinib-treated patients by International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) or Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk factors. Patients enrolled in STAR-TOR registry (n = 327). End points included overall survival, progression-free survival and objective response rate.

Effect of comorbidities/comedications on sunitinib outcomes for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the STAR-TOR registry.

Examine the effects of baseline hypertension (HTN) and statin or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on sunitinib treatment outcomes in STAR-TOR, a real-world registry. Presence or absence of HTN and use or nonuse of statins or PPIs were determined at registry entry. End points included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

PSMA PET total tumor volume predicts outcome of patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in a bicentric analysis.

Introduction: [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA) radioligand therapy is an emerging treatment option for patients with end-stage prostate cancer. However, response to Lu-PSMA therapy is only achieved in approximately half of patients. It is clinically important to identify patients at risk of poor outcome.

Consensus paper: current state of first- and second-line therapy in advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

The therapy of advanced (clear-cell) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has recently experienced tremendous changes. Several new treatments have been developed, with PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibition being the backbone of therapy. Diverse immunotherapy combinations change current first-line standards.

Analysis of PSMA expression and outcome in patients with advanced Prostate Cancer receiving Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy.

PSMA-PET-CT enables measuring molecular expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) , which is the target molecule of Lu-PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA) therapy. However, the correlation of PSMA expression and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with Lu-PSMA therapy is currently unclear; especially with regard to coexistence of high and low PSMA expressing metastases. To this end, this retrospective single arm study elucidates the correlation of PSMA expression and overall survival in patients treated with Lu-PSMA therapy.

[Knowledge of German-speaking urologists regarding the association between penile cancer and human papilloma virus: results of a survey of the European PROspective Penile Cancer Study (E-PROPS)].

Background: A recent meta-analysis showed that penile cancer (PeC) is associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) in 50 % of patients in Europe. It is unknown whether urologists are aware of the impact of viral carcinogenesis.

Methods: A (German-language) survey comprising 14 items was created and sent to urologists of 45 clinical centres in Germany (n = 34), Austria (n = 8), Switzerland (n = 2) and Italy/South Tyrol (n = 1) once in Q3/2018.

Additional Local Therapy for Liver Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Receiving Systemic PSMA-Targeted Therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 (Lu-PSMA) and selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for the treatment of liver metastases of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Safety and survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and liver metastases assigned to Lu-PSMA alone ( = 31) or in combination with SIRT ( = 5) were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, a subgroup ( = 10) was analyzed using morphologic and molecular response criteria.

A prognostic score for overall survival in patients treated with abiraterone in the pre- and post-chemotherapy setting.

Therapy resistance remains a serious dilemma in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with primary or secondary resistance frequently occurring against any given therapy. Available prognostic models for Abiraterone Acetate (AA) are specifically designed for either pre- or post-chemotherapy settings and mostly based on trial datasets not necessarily reflecting real-life. A score of 0-2 (low-risk) is associated with an OS-probability of 80.

Second line chemotherapy and visceral metastases are associated with poor survival in patients with mCRPC receiving Lu-PSMA-617.

The purpose of this study was to identify previous treatments and biomarker profile features that prognosticate overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC receiving Lu-PSMA-617. 109 mCRPC patients treated with a median of 3 cycles of Lu-PSMA-617 were included. Data were analyzed according to OS as well as PSA response patterns with regard to prior therapies, laboratory biomarkers and metastatic extent in univariate as well as multivariate Cox's proportional hazards models.