[Clinical and morphological changes in the hoof sole of large ruminants with inflammatory diseases].

Clinical, morphological, and histomorphological investigations were carried out of the changes taking place in the solar matrix in some more common diseases in cows raised in the conditions on the enlarged farms of industrial cattle breeding. With the traumatic aseptic inflammations of the solar matrix the nova and its effect predetermine histologically the various degrees of changes, consisting in circulation disturbances, oedema of the connective tissue, disintegration of the connective tissue bundles, divergence of the collagen fibres, mucinous dystrophy, fibrinoid-necrotic foci, and heterophilic infiltration around the blood vessels and in their wall (arteriitis and periarteriitis). In suppurative inflammations of the solar matrix the process assumes diffuse character with strongly manifested leukocytic infiltration, with the development of dystrophic necrobiotic processes.

[Effect of laser acupuncture and irradiation of the cervix uteri in cows on cardiac activity and morphological composition of the blood].

Tested is the action of helium-neon laser for acupuncture with capacity 7mV and diameter of the ray 2 mm in cows during the puerperal period. Laser acupuncture (LA) is applied on 6 cows by radiation of two main acupuncture points 49 and 50 for 2 min and additional--27, 28 and 29, radiated for 1 min each of them. Second group is locally radiated in area of the cervix of the uterus (LRCU) for 6 min.

[Changes in the T-wave configuration in the ECG telemetry of cows].

Radiotelemetric and biochemical investigations were carried out with a total of 40 freshly calved cows, divided into two groups in dependence on the form of the T wave of ECG. It was found that the biphase T wave spoke of the individual capacity of the body; it was retained only during the first months of the lactation period, and later on changed into a negative T wave. The configuration of the T wave was not essentially affected by the blood serum levels of total protein, blood sugar, LDH, AcAT, AlAT, Ca, P, and Mg.

[Incidence of hoof diseases in cows raised using new technologies].

Investigations were carried out on three farms in the Republic of Cuba with 942 cows (Holstein-Zebu crosses) as well as on the Agro-Industrial Complexes in the Stara Zagora and Sliven districts of the People's Republic of Bulgaria with a total of 19,065 cows of the Black-and-white and the Brown Bulgarian breed under various conditions of raising technologies. The work study aimed at establishing the percent of the so-called 'barn hooves' associated with the clinical forms of some diseases. It was found that the percent of deformed hooves was 5-6 with cows that had daily exercise movements, up to 10-with cows having limited movements, and up to 51 and more-with animals deprived of movement.

[Economic losses from hoof diseases in cows].

Investigations were carried out under productional conditions with a total of 100 high-producing cows in lactation to disclose the effect of diseased hooves or hooves that had not been taken care of over the period in the stable as well as the effect of hoof trimming and treatment on the daily and monthly milk yield and the total losses associated with deformations and diseases in 20,980 cows. It was found that 'stable' hooves and disease processes developing in them and in the body as a whole lowered the milk yield by 3.3 l, on an average, per cow (4.

[Necrosis of the tail in buffaloes].

Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical indices and X-ray examination revealed that disturbed metabolism and the development of dystrophic processes in the derma and epidermis and the last tail vertebrae were to be incriminated as predisposing factors contributing to tail necrosis. There were fissures in the epidermis, thickening of its layers, and hyperkeratosis with necrotic suppuration of the surface and deposition of detritus. After microbial contamination necrosis of the distal portion of the tail set in.

[Effect of ultraviolet-irradiated milk on biochemical indices in the blood serum of calves].

Studies were carried out to establish the effect of ultraviolet in vitro treatment of milk, using special device, on the state and changes of some biologic indices of blood in calves in feeding them with milk within the age interval of 10 to 70 days. The irradiated milk was found to have a favourable effect on the physiologic state of calves, their development, and daily weight gain. Useful changes took place also with regard to the albumin-globulin ratio index which consisted in the rise of the gamma-globulin fractions to the detriment of alfa-globulins.

[Clinical, radiotelemetric and x-ray research on erythematous polyarthritis in lambs].

Experimental investigations were carried out with 6 lambs each infected i/v with 2 cm3 of a 24-hour broth culture of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae rated at 10(8) microbial cells per cu. cm. The clinical state of the animals was followed up in the course of 60 days, the changes in the cardiovascular system and those in the movements of the rumen being recorded radiotelemetrically, while the changes taking place in the joints were studied roentgenographically.

[Effect of ultraviolet-irradiated autologous blood on the biochemical indices of sheep with a Corynebacterium infection].

Twelve sheep were used in two groups of six animals each (a control and a test one). Both control and test animals were infected with a 24-hour broth culture of Corynebacterium pyogenes. The infection was followed up in the course of five days after which the animals of both groups were subjected to autohemotransfusion, whereas the blood transfused with the controls was not treated, and the blood transfused with the test animals was treated with ultra violet rays in vitro.

[Surgical diseases in calves and the economic losses from them during intensive fattening].

Investigations were carried out in 1982 at three calf-fattening complexes of the same type of equated conditions of growing and feeding on a total of 15 600 bull calves to establish the percent of surgical diseases and the economic losses thereof. Highest proved the share of diseases involving the bone-joint apparatus of the limbs--fractures, epiphysiolyses, arthroses, arthritis (6 per cent), the hooves (1.8 per cent), the soft tissues of the limbs--wounds, ruptures, tendinitis and tendovaginitis, bursitis, pareses and paralyses (5.

[Electronic indicators for determining the optimum moment for inseminating cows and sheep].

Three types of electron indicators to measure the electric resistance of the vagina with cows and ewes are described. The first type of such indicators gives a direct scale record of resistance as measured in ohm units. The remaining two types present a simpler construction, and are intended for practical purposes, pointing to the threshold value of resistance.

[Effect of UV-irradiated autologous blood on various morphological and biochemical blood indices and phagocytic activity of the leukocytes in cattle].

An experiment was carried out with six clinically normal cows under production conditions. The animals were kept and fed in the same conditions. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein, mixing it immediately with a 5 per cent sterile solution of sodium citrate at a 4:1 ratio.

[Total protein, sulfur and bound amino acid content in the hoof horn of cows].

Comparative investigations were carried out for the evaluation of the total protein and sulfur in the sole hoof horn of cows of the breeds Bulgarian Brown and Black and White with normal and diseased hooves as well as of the bound amino acids in the hoof horn of the same hooves of cows of the Black and White breed. It was found that the total protein as indicated above did not show any essential differences in the two breeds. The amount of total sulfur in Bulgarian Brown cows was relatively higher than that in Black and White cows.

[Effect of the in vitro ultraviolet irradiation of autogenous blood on hematological, biochemical and biological indices in sheep with experimentally induced sepsis].

Studies were carried out with 10 sheep infected with a 24th hour broth culture of strain 1088 of Corynebacterium pyogenes. The animals were divided into two groups of 5 each--control and test. Autotransfusion of untreated blood was carried out with the control group, and autotransfusion of UV-treated (in vitro) blood--with the test group.

[Physicochemical properties of the hoof horn in healthy highly productive cows and in those with hoof diseases].

Comparative investigations were carried out to determine the water content, total protein, the macroelements Ca, P, Na, and K and the trace elements Zn, Mn, and S in the wall and sole horn of the front and hind hooves of high-producing cows of the Bulgarian Brown breed and the Black Pied cattle. The hoof water content in both breeds did not show any substantial differences in normal and diseased cows, and varied within the limits of 19 to 34 per cent. In affected hooves the water content was higher than that in normal hooves.

[Economic effect on the milk yield in cows after trimming and treating their hooves].

Experiments were carried out in production conditions on 200 highly productive cows during the lactation period for determining the percentage of hoof illnesses during cow-shed raising, as well as the influence of clipping of hooves and their treatment on milk production. In the case of restricted movement and a long period of not clipping the hooves, the so-called 'shed hooves' were proved with 55.5% of the cows, out of which 18% suffered from an illness.

[Clinical and x-ray picture of osteoarticular diseases in fattening calves].

During the period 1964-1974, as well as through the application of two industrial-experimental tests with the utilization of different technologies and conditions for fattening calves, we carried out clinical, pathoanatomical, biochemical and X-ray investigations on the development, state and discomforts of the motor apparatus. It was proved in our observations that there existed: a delayed mineralization with the presence of relative general osteoporosis of the tubular bones, the epiphyses, the apophyses and the peripheric bones (caudal vertebrae, heel and cubit growths, etc.); the appearance of epiphysiolyses and apophysiolyses which were very often accompanied by fractures and dislocations; arthritic processes in the joints of the limbs; partial necrosis and tearings of Achilles' tendons; pus processes in the zone of growth in the case of colienteric disorders; immobilization and premature killing of necessity.

[Effect of supplementary artificial illumination with visible rays on biochemical indices in the blood serum, milk yields and fertilization during lactation].

Comparative investigations were made with two groups of cows (a control) and an experimental one) aiming to establish the effect of prolonged day length during the autumn-winter and the early spring periods on the physiological state of the cows, the yield of milk and fertilization during the lactation period. Results obtained indicate that supplementary illumination with visible rays at a rate of 5 w/m2 from the floor and a 16 h day length including the natural day period, enhances the content of Ca, inorganic P and vitamin D and A of the blood serum, stabilizes at a constant level the quantity of total protein and rises the content of albumins and gamma-globulins. As a result of these and probably of some other changes in the organism, the physiological state of the cows is either maintained normal or is improved, a fact leading to 13% higher milk yield on the average for the lactation period, service period shortened to 87 days and increased number of pregnant cows following the first insemination.

[Radiotelemetric studies on uterine motility in cows during the 3d period of labor and the early puerperal period].

The outside appearance of a one-channel radiotelemetric system is presented and a short description of supplementary devices for the study of uterine motility in cows is given. The radiotube consisting of an inductive converter and a two-transistor sound generator is described in short. The tube is placed directly in the uterine cavity through the cervical canal.

[Changes in the vitamin D content in cow's milk irradiated in vitro with ultraviolet rays and in the blood serum of calves fed the irradiated milk].

Comparative investigations aiming to determine the most favourable dose for in vitro ultraviolet irradiation of cow milk which can ensure highest vitamin D content in it and best effect on vitamin D level in calf blood serum were carried out. It was established that under the applied technique of ultraviolet irradiation a 4 min treatment is most suitable and vitamin D content in milk rises several times (up to 8 times). Feeding of calves up to the age of 60 days with irradiated milk ensures a 4- to 5-fold increase of vitamin D in the blood serum as compared to its initial level before the experiment started and 2--3 fold as compared to that in control group calves.

[X-ray picture of diseases of the osteoarticular and ligamentous apparatus of the digits in large ruminants].

Röntgenological findings are presented of bone-joint and finger-joint apparatus diseases in big ruminants in cases of bone distrophy in highly productive cows, of asceptic ligament, tendon and periosteum inflammatory diseases as well as of suppurative inflammatory bone and hoof joints.

[Pressure transducer for radiotelemetric studies].

Designed has been a combined transformer for pressure on the principle of the photoelectric effect. It records directly the pressure produced within the system and outside through the arrow mechanism of the manometer for blood pressure, and transforms the mechanical fluctuations of the membrane into electric ones. Used has been a blood presser manometer additionally supplied with a photoelement, a tiny electric bulb, and a metal lamelle.