Estradiol Receptors Regulate Differential Connexin 43 Expression in F98 and C6 Glioma Cell Lines.

Introduction: Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour with male preponderance and poor prognosis. Glioma cells express variable amounts of connexin 43 (Cx43) and estrogen receptors (ERs). Both, Cx43 and ERs, play important roles in cell proliferation and migration.

Improved preparation of nasal lavage fluid (NLF) as a noninvasive sample for proteomic biomarker discovery.

Unlabelled: Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) becomes more and more important as a noninvasive patient sample serving as a new opportunity to discover new biomarkers in diverse human diseases comprising mainly respiratory disorders. This was supported by the observation that the protein profile of NLF differs from conventional samples of i.e.

Internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) activity generates endogenous carboxyl-terminal domains of Cx43 and is responsive to hypoxic conditions.

Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junction protein in higher vertebrate organisms and has been shown to be involved in junctional and non-junctional functions. In addition to the expression of full-length Cx43, endogenously produced carboxyl-terminal segments of Cx43 have been described and have been suggested to be involved in manifold biological functions, such as hypoxic preconditioning and neuronal migration. Molecular aspects, however, behind the separate generation of carboxyl-terminal segments of Cx43 have remained elusive.

Stepwise isolation of human peripheral erythrocytes, T lymphocytes, and monocytes for blood cell proteomics.

Purpose: Density gradient centrifugation and magnetic- or fluorescence-activated cell sorting are common and robust techniques for the isolation of different types of blood cells. In this article, we give detailed description of a stepwise application of these methods as one isolation strategy for enrichment of different cell types from one blood sample.

Experimental Design: The workflow targeted erythrocytes, monocytes, and T lymphocytes.

Instruments and methods in proteomics.

In the past decade, major developments in instrumentation and methodology have been achieved in proteomics. For proteome investigations of complex biological samples derived from cell cultures, tissues, or whole organisms, several techniques are state of the art. Especially, many improvements have been undertaken to quantify differences in protein expression between samples from, e.

Sgk1, a cell survival response in neurodegenerative diseases.

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (sgk1) belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases that is under acute transcriptional control by serum and glucocorticoids. An expanding set of receptors and cellular stress pathways has been shown to enhance sgk1 expression, which is implicated in the regulation of ion channel conductance, cell volume, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Recent evidence for the involvement of sgk1 in the early pathogenesis of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) prompted us to investigate in more detail its expression and role in animal models of different neurodegenerative diseases.

sgk1, a member of an RNA cluster associated with cell death in a model of Parkinson's disease.

In an effort to gain deeper insight into the molecular processes underlying neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, we performed gene expression profiling at several early time points after MPTP-injection into old (1-year) mice. We used a PCR-based gene expression profiling method, digital expression pattern display (DEPD), a method of very high sensitivity and reproducibility, which displays almost all transcripts of a tissue. To identify cell death-associated genes, we defined clusters of differentially expressed transcripts with expression behaviour that correlated with the temporal profile of cell death progression and characterized one of these cell death clusters further.