Comprehensiveness in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: Policy Points Efforts to address a perceived decline of comprehensiveness in primary care are hampered by the absence of a clear and common understanding of what comprehensiveness means. This scoping review mapped two domains of comprehensiveness (breadth of care and approach to care) as well as a set of factors that enable comprehensive practice. The resulting conceptual map supports greater clarity for future use of the term comprehensiveness, facilitating more precisely targeted research, practice, and policy efforts to improve primary care systems.

Submesoscales are a significant turbulence source in global ocean surface boundary layer.

The turbulent ocean surface boundary layer is a key part of the climate system affecting both the energy and carbon cycles. Accurately simulating the boundary layer is critical in improving climate model performance, which deeply relies on our understanding of the turbulence in the boundary layer. Turbulent energy sources in the boundary layer are traditionally believed to be dominated by waves, winds and convection.

Disparities in access to primary care are growing wider in Canada.

Canadian provinces and territories have undertaken varied reforms to how primary care is funded, organized, and delivered, but equity impacts of reforms are unclear. We explore disparities in access to primary care by income, educational attainment, dwelling ownership, immigration, racialization, place of residence (metropolitan/non-metropolitan), and sex/gender, and how these have changed over time, using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2007/08 and 2015/16 or 2017/18). We observe disparities by income, educational attainment, dwelling ownership, recent immigration, immigration (regular place of care), racialization (regular place of care), and sex/gender.

The Impact of Working from Home on Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Canadian Worker's Mental Health during the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a considerable expansion in the way work settings are structured, with a continuum emerging between working fully in-person and from home. The pandemic has also exacerbated many risk factors for poor mental health in the workplace, especially in public-facing jobs. Therefore, we sought to test the potential relationship between work setting and self-rated mental health.

Loneliness and social support as key contributors to burnout among Canadians workers in the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: COVID-19 has dramatically affected Western Society's relationship with work and contributed to increased worker burnout. Existing studies on burnout have mostly emphasized workplace culture, leadership, and employee engagement as key contributors to burnout. In this cross-sectional study, we examine the associations between Malach-Pines Short Burnout Measure (MPSBM) scores and participant's self reported personal characteristics, financial strain, workplace conditions, work-life balance, and social inclusion among Canadians living during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Do changes in primary care service use over time differ by neighbourhood income? Population-based longitudinal study in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Strong primary care systems have been associated with improved health equity. Primary care system reforms in Canada may have had equity implications, but these have not been evaluated. We sought to determine if changes in primary care service use between 1999/2000 and 2017/2018 differ by neighbourhood income in British Columbia.

Exploring Privatization in Canadian Primary Care: An Environmental Scan of Primary Care Clinics Accepting Private Payment.

Background: Private payment within primary care has not received extensive scrutiny, despite the emergence of "concierge" primary care services.

Objective: We conducted an environmental scan to explore the nature of private payment for primary care across Canada.

Method: We extracted data from clinic websites on funding models, range of services provided and whether they were independent or part of a chain.

A diazirine-based photoaffinity etoposide probe for labeling topoisomerase II.

Etoposide is a widely used anticancer drug that targets topoisomerase II, an essential nuclear enzyme. However, despite the fact that it has been in use and studied for more than 30years the specific site on the enzyme to which it binds is unknown. In order to identify the etoposide binding site(s) on topoisomerase II, a diazirine-based photoaffinity etoposide analog probe has been synthesized and its photoreactivity and biological activities have been characterized.

GCP II inhibition rescues neurons from gp120IIIB-induced neurotoxicity.

Excessive glutamate neurotransmission has been implicated in neuronal injury in many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia. Gp120IIIB is a strain of a HIV glycoprotein with specificity for the CXCR4 receptor that induces neuronal apoptosis in in vitro models of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-induced neurodegeneration. Since the catabolism of the neuropeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) by glutamate carboxypeptidase (GCP) II increases cellular glutamate, an event associated with excitotoxicity, we hypothesized that inhibition of GCP II may prevent gp120IIIB-induced cell death.

[New treatments for renal cell carcinoma: hope and limits].

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains a main therapeutic challenge in oncology. Interferon-alpha and Interleukin-2 have been the sole available drugs for decades. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an interesting but experimental therapeutic approach.

Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase mediates gp120IIIB- and nucleoside analogue-induced sensory neuron toxicity.

Peripheral neuropathy is the most common neurological symptom in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here, we examine possible mechanisms of gp120 and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in the pathogenesis of AIDS peripheral neuropathy. Neonatal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were found to undergo apoptosis in response to chronic treatment with gp120IIIB, an effect enhanced by the co-application of hCD4, as well as upon exposure to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI).

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibition protects motor neurons from death in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models.

Approximately 10% of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive and fatal degeneration that targets motor neurons (MNs), are inherited, and approximately 20% of these cases of familial ALS (FALS) are caused by mutations of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase type 1. Glutamate excitotoxicity has been implicated as a mechanism of MN death in both ALS and FALS. In this study, we tested whether a neuroprotective strategy involving potent and selective inhibitors of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), which converts the abundant neuropeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate to glutamate, could protect MNs in an in vitro and animal model of FALS.

CD4 dependence of gp120IIIB-CXCR4 interaction is cell-type specific.

The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120IIIB is selective for the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and has been shown to induce apoptosis in neurons both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the ability of gp120IIIB to signal through the rat CXCR4 (rCXCR4) receptor and its dependence on the presence of the human CD4 (hCD4) protein in a number of cell systems. SDF-1alpha potently inhibited N-type Ca channels in cultured HEK293 cells expressing both the Ca channel subunits and rCXCR4 receptors.

On-line story representation in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face an increased risk of poor achievement in school. Thus, knowledge of the cognitive processing abilities of children with ADHD is critical to understanding and improving their academic performance. Although many studies have focused on the specific nature of the attention deficit experienced by children with ADHD, few have examined higher order cognitive processing such as comprehension of stories.

Mixed lineage kinase 3 mediates gp120IIIB-induced neurotoxicity.

Overexpression of gp120, the major coat protein of the HIV-1 virus, in central glial cells, or treatment of neurons with gp120 in culture, produces apoptotic neuronal death. Here we demonstrate that CEP-1347 (KT7515), an inhibitor of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), an upstream activator of JNK, inhibits gp120IIIB-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, expression of wild type MLK3 in hippocampal pyramidal neurons enhanced gp120IIIB-induced neurotoxicity, whereas expression of a dominant negative MLK3 protected neurons from the toxic effects of the glycoprotein.

Liver transplantation in maple syrup urine disease.

Unlabelled: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder. Impaired activity of the branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCOA-DH) causes accumulation of branched-chain L-amino (BCAA) and 2-oxoacids (BCOA) which may exert neurotoxic effects. Treatment comprises dietary management with strictly reduced quantities of protein and BCAA as well as aggressive intervention during acute neonatal and subsequent metabolic complications.

[The anti-inflammatory action of an oral sustained-release theophylline preparation. Results of a clinical pilot study with low dosages].

A pilot study in 14 patients with mild asthma was performed to study the anti-inflammatory efficacy of theophylline (CAS 58-55-9). At the start, during and at the end of a 3 months' treatment with oral sustained release theophylline and during 1 week thereafter, the influence on airway hyperreactivity and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) serum levels was investigated. Airway responsiveness was expressed as the cumulative provocative dose of methacholine necessary to decrease FEV1 by 20% (PD20-FEV1).

Assessment of whole body L-leucine oxidation by noninvasive L-[1-13C]leucine breath tests: a reappraisal in patients with maple syrup urine disease, obligate heterozygotes, and healthy subjects.

Suitability of a recently proposed noninvasive L-[13C]leucine breath test for assessment of whole body leucine oxidation in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) was examined. Oral L-[1-13C]leucine loads (38 micromol/kg body weight) were performed in overnight fasted MSUD patients (n = 6, classical form), obligate heterozygote parents (n = 6), and control subjects (n = 10). Three-hour 13CO2 exhalation kinetics were evaluated using curve fitting procedures.

Compartmental approach for evaluation of plasma kinetics and (13)co(2)-exhalation after oral loading with L-[1-(13)c]leucine.

Abstract A seven compartment model was applied for evaluation of oral L-[1-(13)C]leucine loading tests (38 μmol/kg body wt.) in healthy volunteers. The model comprises transport and absorption in stomach and gut into a central L-leucine-compartment which is connected to a protein compartment and to the compartment of the corresponding 2-oxo acid.

Frequency of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and HTLV-I in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Sera from a small sample of adult blood donors, healthy school children and patients with lymphoma, leukaemia, non-haematologic cancer, congenital and inflammatory disorders from Ibadan, Nigeria were screened for HTLV-I antibody by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and confirmed by investigational Western blot. Seventy-nine of 236 positively screened samples could not be tested for confirmation. Seropositive reactivity was observed in nine of 123 blood donors, and 3 of 46 healthy school children but banding patterns on Western blot were often sparse.

Transcultural nursing care values, beliefs, and practices of American (USA) Gypsies.

This ethnonursing qualitative investigation was focused on the domain of culture care values, expression and meanings of selected American Gypsies. The purpose of the study was to explicate culture care American Gypsy lifeways in order to help nurses understand this largely unknown culture, and to offer guidelines for providing culturally congruent nursing care. Leininger's theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality was the appropriate theory to use for this study, along with the ethnonursing research method to generate emic and etic grounded data.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) seroprevalence in Jamaica. I. Demographic determinants.

During 1985 and 1986, the authors measured antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in a cohort of 13,260 Jamaicans from all parts of the island who applied for food-handling licenses. HTLV-I seroprevalence was strongly age and sex dependent, rising from 1.7% (10-19 years) to 9.

Anti-AIDS agents, 3. Inhibitory effects of colchicine derivatives on HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells.

A series of colchicine and isocolchicine derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors of HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes. Colchicine showed only very slight inhibition in the absence of toxicity, as measured by the therapeutic index (IC50/EC50). None of the derivatives inhibited HIV replication in the absence of toxicity.