Cognitive dysfunction and disturbed daily activities of people with dementia impact the psychological stress in family caregivers depending on their anxiety and depression severity.

Care for individuals with dementia, predominantly provided by family members, was associated with significant physical and emotional stress. Existing guidelines for supporting caregivers were frequently based on limited evidence. A cross-sectional clinical study involving 104 pairs of caregivers and individuals with dementia was conducted.

Preconception and prenatal vitamin D associations with positive behavioral health in Black children.

Background: Low levels of vitamin D during pregnancy are associated with offspring behavioral problems but little is known about pre-pregnancy influences. Additionally, Black American individuals are underrepresented in studies, limiting translational impact. We tested independent and interactive effects of preconception and prenatal vitamin D in Black women in relation to positive behavioral and emotional outcomes in early childhood.

The impact of cohort inclusion/exclusion criteria on pregnancy weight gain chart percentiles.

Pregnancy weight gain standards are charts describing percentiles of weight gain among participants with no risk factors that could adversely affect weight gain. This detailed information is burdensome to collect. We investigated the extent to which exclusion of various pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum factors impacted the values of pregnancy weight gain percentiles.

Predictive and Prognostic Role of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Trifluridine/Tipiracil.

In advanced-stage colorectal cancer (CRC), a strategy based on a sequence of systemic therapies brings survival benefits in most patients. Trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride (TT) is a chemotherapy drug effective in patients in the third- or later line setting. No highly specific biomarkers have been established for TT therapy so far.

ENGOT-en11/GOG-3053/KEYNOTE-B21: a randomised, double-blind, phase III study of pembrolizumab or placebo plus adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk endometrial cancer.

Background: Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy provides clinically meaningful benefit as first-line therapy for advanced (locoregional extension and residual disease after surgery)/metastatic/recurrent mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) and mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer, with greater magnitude of benefit in the dMMR phenotype. We evaluated the addition of pembrolizumab to adjuvant chemotherapy (with/without radiation therapy) among patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk endometrial cancer without any residual macroscopic disease following curative-intent surgery.

Methods: We included patients with histologically confirmed high-risk [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I/II of non-endometrioid histology or endometrioid histology with p53/TP53 abnormality, or stage III/IVA of any histology] endometrial cancer following surgery with curative intent and no evidence of disease postoperatively, with no prior radiotherapy or systemic therapy.

Periconceptional Dietary Quality and Metabolic Syndrome at 3 Years Postpartum.

Background: The period around pregnancy is a critical window in the primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the role of dietary patterns in cardiometabolic health. Our objective was to determine the association between alignment of periconceptional diet with the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Methods And Results: We used data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-Be Heart Health Study, a pregnancy cohort study that followed pregnant participants to a median of 3 years postpartum (n=4423).

Pseudo-random Number Generator Influences on Average Treatment Effect Estimates Obtained with Machine Learning.

Background: The use of machine learning to estimate exposure effects introduces a dependence between the results of an empirical study and the value of the seed used to fix the pseudo-random number generator.

Methods: We used data from 10,038 pregnant women and a 10% subsample (N = 1004) to examine the extent to which the risk difference for the relation between fruit and vegetable consumption and preeclampsia risk changes under different seed values. We fit an augmented inverse probability weighted estimator with two Super Learner algorithms: a simple algorithm including random forests and single-layer neural networks and a more complex algorithm with a mix of tree-based, regression-based, penalized, and simple algorithms.

The Polish Society of Gynecological Oncology Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Cancer (v2024.0).

: Recent publications underscore the need for updated recommendations addressing less radical surgery for <2 cm tumors, induction chemotherapy, or immunotherapy for locally advanced stages of cervical cancer, as well as for the systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. : To summarize the current evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cervical cancer and provide evidence-based clinical practice recommendations. : Developed according to AGREE II standards, the guidelines classify scientific evidence based on the Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System criteria.

Advances in methods for characterizing dietary patterns: A scoping review.

There is a growing focus on better understanding the complexity of dietary patterns and how they relate to health and other factors. Approaches that have not traditionally been applied to characterize dietary patterns, such as machine learning algorithms and latent class analysis methods, may offer opportunities to measure and characterize dietary patterns in greater depth than previously considered. However, there has not been a formal examination of how this wide range of approaches has been applied to characterize dietary patterns.

Gestational weight gain below recommendations and adverse maternal and child health outcomes for pregnancies with overweight or obesity: a United States cohort study.

Background: The current Institute of Medicine (IOM) pregnancy weight gain guidelines were developed using the best available evidence but were limited by substantial knowledge gaps. Some have raised concern that the guidelines for individuals affected by overweight or obesity are too high and contribute to short- and long-term complications for the mother and child.

Objectives: To determine the association between pregnancy weight gain below the lower limit of the current IOM recommendations and risk of 10 adverse maternal and child health outcomes among individuals with overweight and obesity.

Breast Cancer Plasticity after Chemotherapy Highlights the Need for Re-Evaluation of Subtyping in Residual Cancer and Metastatic Tissues.

This research paper presents a novel approach to identifying biomarkers that can be used to prognosticate patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) eligible for neoadjuvant therapy. The study utilized survival and RNA sequencing data from a cohort of TNBC patients and identified 276 genes whose expression was related to survival in such patients. The gene expression data were then used to classify patients into two major groups based on the presence or absence of Wingless/Integrated-pathway (Wnt-pathway) and mesenchymal (Mes) markers (Wnt/Mes).

Should gestational weight gain charts exclude individuals with excess postpartum weight retention?

Background: High gestational weight gain is associated with excess postpartum weight retention, yet excess postpartum weight retention is not an exclusion criterion for current gestational weight gain charts. We aimed to assess the impact of excluding individuals with high interpregnancy weight change (a proxy for excess postpartum weight retention) on gestational weight gain distributions.

Methods: We included individuals with an index birth from 2008 to 2014 and a subsequent birth before 2019, in the population-based Stockholm-Gotland Perinatal Cohort.

Validation of Long-term Recall of Pregnancy-related Weight in the Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy Study.

Background: Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are determinants of maternal and child health. However, many studies of these factors rely on error-prone self-reported measures.

Methods: Using data from Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy (LEAP), a US-based cohort, we assessed the validity of prepregnancy BMI and GWG recalled on average 8 years postpartum against medical record data treated as alloyed gold standard ("true") values.

Safety of low weight gain or weight loss in pregnancies with class 1, 2, and 3 obesity: a population-based cohort study.

Background: There are concerns that current gestational weight gain recommendations for women with obesity are too high and that guidelines should differ on the basis of severity of obesity. In this study we investigated the safety of gestational weight gain below current recommendations or weight loss in pregnancies with obesity, and evaluated whether separate guidelines are needed for different obesity classes.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, we used electronic medical records from the Stockholm-Gotland Perinatal Cohort study to identify pregnancies with obesity (early pregnancy BMI before 14 weeks' gestation ≥30 kg/m) among singleton pregnancies that delivered between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2015.

Cohort profile: Life-course experiences and pregnancy (LEAP)-A retrospective pregnancy cohort for life-course reproductive health research.

Background: Life course factors may be associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain; however, collecting information on pre-pregnancy exposures and pregnancy health in the same cohort is challenging.

Objectives: The Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy (LEAP) study aims to identify adolescent and young adult risk factors for pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG). We built upon an existing cohort study to overcome challenges inherent to studying life course determinants of pregnancy health.

Application of a Web-based Tool for Quantitative Bias Analysis: The Example of Misclassification Due to Self-reported Body Mass Index.

Background: We describe the use of Apisensr, a web-based application that can be used to implement quantitative bias analysis for misclassification, selection bias, and unmeasured confounding. We apply Apisensr using an example of exposure misclassification bias due to use of self-reported body mass index (BMI) to define obesity status in an analysis of the relationship between obesity and diabetes.

Methods: We used publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Do current pregnancy weight gain guidelines balance risks of adverse maternal and child health in a United States cohort?

Background: The Institute of Medicine pregnancy weight gain guidelines were developed without evidence linking high weight gain to maternal cardiometabolic disease and child obesity. The upper limit of current recommendations may be too high for the health of the pregnant individual and child.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the range of pregnancy weight gain for pregnancies within a normal body mass index (BMI) range that balances the risks of high and low weight gain by simultaneously considering 10 different health conditions.

Periconceptional Dietary Patterns and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes.

Background: The periconceptional period is a critical window for the origins of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, yet little is known about the dietary patterns that promote perinatal health.

Objective: We used machine learning methods to determine the effect of periconceptional dietary patterns on risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, and a composite of these outcomes.

Methods: We used data from 8259 participants in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (8 US medical centers, 2010‒2013).

Cabozantinib in the Routine Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Literature Review of Real-World Evidence.

Real-world cabozantinib use has increased since its approval to treat patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 2016. We reviewed cabozantinib use in real-world clinical practice and compared outcomes with pivotal cabozantinib randomized control trials (RCTs). This PRISMA-standard systematic literature review evaluated real-world effectiveness and tolerability of cabozantinib in patients with RCC (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021245854).

Schizophrenia and disruption of circadian rhythms: An overview of genetic, metabolic and clinical signs.

A molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, which is entrained by the dark-light cycle and controls the sleep-wake cycle, regulates circadian rhythms. The risk of developing mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, has long been linked to sleep abnormalities. Additionally, a common aspect of mental disorders is sleep disturbance, which has a direct impact on the intensity of the symptoms and the quality of life of the patient.

The association between multidimensional sleep health and gestational weight gain.

Background: Although poor sleep health is associated with weight gain and obesity in the non-pregnant population, research on the impact of sleep health on weight change among pregnant people using a multidimensional sleep health framework is needed.

Objectives: This secondary data analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcome Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be Sleep Duration and Continuity Study (n = 745) examined associations between mid-pregnancy sleep health indicators, multidimensional sleep health and gestational weight gain (GWG).

Methods: Sleep domains (i.

The Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid, as a Representative Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, on the Activity of Myeloperoxidase.

Background: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or aspirin) is one of the world's most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Numerous studies have shown that the long-term use of aspirin may contribute to longer survival among patients with various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ASA on myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is found at an elevated level in women with ovarian cancer, among others.